Assessing the Implementation of US Programs and Policies for the Prevention of Food Insecurity and Obesity in Schools

评估美国预防学校粮食不安全和肥胖的计划和政策的实施情况

• 批准号: 10532573
• 负责人: Mary Kathryn Poole
• 金额: $ 2.57万
• 依托单位: HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2023-05-25
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10532573
• 关键词: Address; Adherence; Adopted; Adoption; Advisory Committees; Age; Calories; Characteristics; Child; Child Nutrition; Chronic Disease; Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research; Data; Decision Making; Effectiveness; Ensure; Environment; Equipment; Food; Food Access; Food Assistance Programs; Goals; Guidelines; Health; Health Resources; Healthy Eating; Home; Hunger; Income; Intervention; Longevity; Measures; Mentorship; Methodology; Nutritional; Obesity; Organizational Affiliation; Outcome; Play; Policies; Population; Poverty; Prevalence; Prevention; Proctor framework; Program Evaluation; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Research Training; Resources; Risk; Role; Sampling; Schools; Structure; Students; Testing; Training; Training and Education; United States Department of Agriculture; Work; base; cost; design; education resources; evidence base; experience; food insecurity; food quality; food security; health disparity; implementation determinants; implementation evaluation; improved; indexing; intervention program; meetings; nutrition; obesity in children; obesity prevention; obesity risk; obesity treatment; prevent; program costs; programs; response; rural area; safety net; sociodemographic disparity; symposium; uptake; urban area; urban poverty; webinar

The hunger safety net plays an important role in helping to alleviate hunger for the one in five US children who experiences food insecurity. Historically, food assistance programs have focused on ensuring that children have sufficient access to calories and not necessarily the nutritional quality of food provided. However, in response to the coexistence of food insecurity and the risk of obesity within the same populations, there is a growing emphasis on aligning food security and obesity prevention initiatives by simultaneously promoting food access and nutrition. Strategic design and implementation of policy and program interventions that address both food insecurity and nutrition for children are therefore imperative to make certain that the food being provided does not contribute to health disparities. Alignment of food security and nutrition initiatives can also make better use of limited public health resources for maximum benefits to health outcomes. The proposed project considers how to improve the implementation of initiatives for child nutrition and food security in schools. Aim 1 quantifies the relationship between implementation supports (e.g., training and equipment) and school meal quality using a nationally representative sample of schools. This work explores whether better implementation supports for assisting schools in adoption of the nutrition standards for meals associated with the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 resulted in improved nutritional quality of meals. Using a nationally representative sample of public schools, aim 2 gathers information on an understudied, yet widely used, program to address food insecurity in schools: weekend backpack programs. These programs provide income-eligible students with food to take home on Fridays; however, they were not designed based on scientific evidence and the existing evidence-base for impact on food security and nutrition is extremely limited. This work will collect information on weekend backpack programs including data on prevalence, nutritional quality and other characteristics to determine if implementation factors are associated with more nutritious offerings. Findings may help to identify ways to improve program design, implementation and nutritional impact. Aim 3 will explore potential disparities in the nutritional quality of weekend backpack program contents by US region, urbanicity, and poverty-level. This work will determine if certain populations may be at disproportionate risk for participating in low quality programs that could contribute to poor nutrition and health disparities. Findings may help to promote equitable adoption of programs. The research will be achieved through committed mentorship of my sponsors, guidance from my dissertation advisory committee, and ample educational resources from the institutional environment and beyond. I will also participate in training and education through courses, seminars, meetings, webinars, and conferences.

饥饿安全网在帮助减轻对五分之一的美国儿童的饥饿方面起着重要作用 经历粮食不安全。从历史上看，粮食援助计划的重点是确保儿童 有足够的卡路里获取卡路里，不一定是提供的食物的营养质量。但是，在 对粮食不安全感的共存和同一人群中肥胖风险的回应，有一个 越来越强调通过促进食物来使粮食安全和预防肥胖计划保持一致 获得和营养。战略设计和实施政策和计划干预措施 因此，儿童的粮食不安全和营养必须确保食物是 提供并不导致健康差异。粮食安全和营养计划的一致性也可以 更好地利用有限的公共卫生资源，以最大程度地利用健康结果。 拟议的项目考虑如何改善儿童营养和食物倡议的实施 学校的安全。目标1量化实施支持之间的关系（例如，培训和 设备）和学校用餐质量，使用全国代表性的学校样本。这项工作正在探索 更好地实施支持学校采用餐食的营养标准 与2010年健康，无饥饿的儿童法有关，可提高餐食的营养质量。 使用全国代表性的公立学校样本，将2个收集有关的信息进行研究，但 广泛使用的计划来解决学校的粮食不安全：周末背包计划。这些程序 为有资格的学生提供食物，在星期五带回家；但是，它们不是基于设计的 关于科学证据以及现有对粮食安全和营养影响的证据库极为 有限的。这项工作将在周末背包计划中收集信息，包括有关患病率的数据， 营养质量和其他特征，以确定实施因素是否与更多相关 营养产品。调查结果可能有助于确定改善程序设计，实施和 营养影响。 AIM 3将探索周末背包的营养质量的潜在差异 美国地区，城市化和贫困级的计划内容。这项工作将确定某些人口是否 参与可能导致营养不良的低质量计划的风险可能不成比例 和健康差异。调查结果可能有助于促进公平的计划。 这项研究将通过我的赞助商的指导，我的论文指导来实现这项研究 咨询委员会，以及来自机构环境及其他地区的充足的教育资源。我也会 通过课程，研讨会，会议，网络研讨会和会议参加培训和教育。