The development of adaptive memory across early childhood

幼儿期适应性记忆的发展

• 批准号: 10527472
• 负责人: Vishnu Pradeep Murty
• 金额: $ 7.93万
• 依托单位: TEMPLE UNIV OF THE COMMONWEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10527472
• 关键词: 4 year old; 8 year old; Adaptive Behaviors; Adolescence; Adult; Advanced Development; Affective; Age; Amygdaloid structure; Behavior; Behavior Control; Behavioral; Behavioral Paradigm; Binding; Brain; Characteristics; Child; Childhood; Data Collection; Development; Disease; Emotional; Emotions; Event; Exhibits; Foundations; Future; Goals; Grant; Hippocampus (Brain); Human; Intervention; Knowledge; Measures; Medial; Memory; Mood Disorders; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Pattern; Peripheral; Populations at Risk; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Research; Resolution; Semantic memory; Semantics; Specificity; Stimulus; Structure; Support System; System; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Time; Work; adaptive learning; age related; base; brain morphology; early childhood; emotion dysregulation; experience; experimental study; forgetting; indexing; information processing; insight; memory consolidation; memory encoding; memory process; memory recall; neuroimaging; novel; positive emotional state; skills; statistical learning; tool; white matter; young adult

We rely on our ability to recall memories, particularly positive memories, to guide our future behaviors, making it adaptive to retain salient events. In adults, positive emotion's effects on memory encoding and consolidation have been well characterized, including the selective prioritization of central, salient information ('gist'), over peripheral context and transformation for long-term retention. Do young children similarly prioritize emotional memories? Brain structure and function undergoes extensive, protracted development across childhood, particularly between ages 4-6; with maturation of the medial temporal lobe and amygdala continuing into early childhood, and connections to prefrontal cortex (PFC) extending into adolescence. However, without top-down processes from PFC, children are more reactive to positive events. At the same time, early developing mnemonic functions seem developmentally advantageous for the acquisition of conceptual knowledge, and an early reliance on 'gist'-based memory over fine details and weak relational binding ability seem to mirror characteristic effects of positive emotional memory. It is therefore possible that the immature memory system is well suited to emphasize the adaptive functions of memory. Yet, critically little work has tested how mechanisms in the immature memory system support positively-valanced memories. The goal of this proposal is to determine how these adaptive memories are formed and stored across early childhood and to relate these measures to the pattern of developmental changes in supporting brain morphology. This proposal details two experiments with children (4-8 years old) and young adults (18-35) utilizing novel behavioral manipulations and structural neuroimaging. In Aim 1, we propose a behavioral experiment to characterize how positive information is selectively prioritized over neutral information in memory in early childhood. In Aim 2, a behavioral experiment will examine developmental differences in the organization and content of positive memories. While research has shown an age-related tendency towards 'gist'-memory, little work has systematically tested developmental differences in the trade-off of details and integration for salient information. In an exploratory Aim 3, we will use structural neuroimaging to examine the relationship between positive memory benefits and the maturation of white matter tracts that facilitate information processing across cortical and sub-cortical structures. The proposed aims will therefore advance the development of novel, childfriendly behavioral paradigms to determine how adaptive memories are formed and stored across early development. This research will provide the foundation to study the antecedents of emotion dysregulation disorders and inform practices for developing socio-emotional skills in early childhood.

我们依靠回忆记忆，尤其是积极记忆的能力来指导我们的未来行为，使 它适应保留显着事件。在成年人中，积极情绪对记忆编码和巩固的影响 经过很好的特征，包括中央，显着信息（“ GIST”）的选择性优先级 长期保留的外围环境和转型。幼儿同样优先考虑情感 回忆？大脑结构和功能经历了整个儿童期广泛的，旷日持久的发育， 特别是在4-6岁之间；随着内侧颞叶和杏仁核的成熟 童年时期以及与额叶皮层（PFC）的连接延伸到青春期。但是，没有自上而下 来自PFC的过程，儿童对积极事件更具反应性。同时，早期发展 助记功能在发展上似乎有利于获取概念知识，并且 早期依赖基于“ GIST”的记忆而不是细节和弱关系绑定能力似乎反映了 积极的情绪记忆的特征效果。因此，未成熟的内存系统可能 非常适合强调记忆的自适应功能。然而，很少的工作测试了如何 未成熟的记忆系统中的机制支持积极接近的记忆。目标的目标 建议是确定这些自适应记忆是如何在幼儿期间形成和存储的 并将这些措施与支撑脑形态的发展变化模式联系起来。 该建议详细介绍了使用新颖的儿童（4-8岁）和年轻人（18-35）进行两个实验 行为操纵和结构神经影像。在AIM 1中，我们提出了一个行为实验 表征积极信息如何选择性优先级优先于记忆中的中性信息 童年。在AIM 2中，行为实验将研究组织的发展差异 积极记忆的内容。研究表明，与年龄相关的“观点”趋势，但很少 工作已经系统地测试了细节的权衡和综合性的发展差异 信息。在探索性目标3中，我们将使用结构性神经影像来检查 积极的记忆益处和白质区的成熟，促进信息处理 皮质和亚皮质结构。因此，拟议的目标将推动小说，儿童友好的发展 行为范例，以确定如何在早期形成和存储自适应记忆 发展。这项研究将为研究情绪失调的先例提供基础 疾病并为在幼儿期发展社会情感技能发展的实践提供信息。