CSR&D Research Career Development Transition Award Application

企业社会责任

基本信息

批准号：
10490339
负责人：
Josh Woolley
金额：
--
依托单位：
VETERANS AFFAIRS MED CTR SAN FRANCISCO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-07-01 至 2025-06-30
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10490339
关键词：
Acute Adherence Affect Agonist Alcohol consumption Area Award Behavior Behavioral Behavioral Mechanisms Caring Cellular Phone Chronic Clinical Clinical Trials Cognitive Consumption Detection Development Diagnosis Diagnostic Disease Doctor of Philosophy Emotions Epidemic Eye Face Faculty Feeling Focus Groups Funding Goals Health Health Care Costs Health system Healthcare Individual Industry Interdisciplinary Study International Intervention K-Series Research Career Programs Laboratories Lead Loneliness Measures Medical Medical Students Mental Health Mental disorders Mentors Methamphetamine Mission Modification Morbidity - disease rate Motivation Neuropeptides Occupational Outcome Oxytocin Pathologic Pathway interactions Patients Performance Personal Satisfaction Persons Pharmaceutical Preparations Pharmacological Treatment Pharmacology Phase Physiological Positioning Attribute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders Postdoctoral Fellow Prevalence Privatization Psyche structure Psychiatric therapeutic procedure Psychophysiology Psychoses Psychotherapy Quality of life Randomized Clinical Trials Reporting Research Research Assistant Research Personnel Schizophrenia Scientist Services Severities Short-Term Memory Social Behavior Social Functioning Social Processes Social isolation Social support Substance Use Disorder Suicide Sum Talents Testing Time Training Transition Career Development Award (K22)United States National Institutes of Health Veterans Work alcohol use disorder attentional bias base clinical application cognitive ability cohesion comorbidity cost craving disability economic cost effective therapy efficacy trial gaze graduate student improved member mortality multidisciplinary neuroimaging neuromechanism neurophysiology neuropsychiatric disorder novel opioid use physical conditioning pre-doctoral program costs programs psychologic psychosocial receptor reduce symptoms relating to nervous system service utilization side effect smartphone Application social social cognition social deficits social situation stimulant use disorder treatment program uptake volunteer

项目摘要

There is an “epidemic of loneliness” with 20% of civilians and up to 50% of veterans reporting feeling lonely or socially isolated. This is clinically important because loneliness and social isolation are strong predictors of worse physical health and early mortality. Mental illness is intimately entwined with this epidemic because it both causes and is worsened by loneliness and social isolation. It is the social deficits of mental illness that most strongly contribute to loneliness and social isolation. These social deficits include difficulty understanding other people’s behavior and difficulty behaving appropriately in social situations. Despite their importance, these social deficits are poorly understood at the neural and behavioral levels and are difficult to quantify. Moreover, available treatments for them are inadequate. I am the Director of the Bonding and Attunement in Neuropsychiatric Disorders (BAND) lab, which comprises one junior faculty member supported by a CSR&D Career Development Award, 5 postdoctoral fellows including MDs and PhDs, 4 graduate students, 6 paid research assistants, over 20 volunteers. We believe the key to mental health and well-being starts with strong relationships. Our mission is to develop novel pharmacological and cognitive interventions for mental illness that enable patients to strengthen their connections to other people and the world. Our work has primarily focused on understanding the psychological, behavioral, physiological, and neural effects of administration of the neuropeptide oxytocin across multiple psychiatric illnesses. For example, we have conducted numerous studies determining the acute effects of oxytocin administration in individuals with schizophrenia. One highlight of this work is that we found that a single administration of oxytocin to individuals with schizophrenia normalized neural activity during high-level social cognitive processing and that this normalization was associated with improved behavioral performance. This work led to a VA CSR&D Merit Award to conduct the largest randomized clinical trial of repeated administration of oxytocin in schizophrenia to date. We have also conducted studies investigating oxytocin as a potential treatment for individuals with alcohol, opioid, and stimulant use disorders, and co-occurring post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (a common and difficult-to-treat comorbidity). We also recently completed a large laboratory-based study in healthy individuals to determine whether acute oxytocin administration can accelerate the development of team cohesion. This work led us to hypothesize that pharmacological treatments that affect social processes could be paired with psychosocial treatments to possibly achieve synergistically positive outcomes. To investigate this possibility, we have conducted studies pairing administration of various drugs with social effects, including oxytocin, 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA), and psilocybin, with various psychotherapy interventions including group-based psychotherapy. In the non-pharmacological arena, we have been investigating attention bias modification delivered through a smartphone app as a treatment for PTSD. Our studies incorporate multiple analytic approaches including objective measures of social behavior such as eye-gaze, facial expressivity, team cohesion and performance, quantification of social cognitive abilities, neuroimaging approaches, laboratory-based craving induction paradigms, and quantification of psychophysiological changes and interpersonal synchrony. In sum, I have developed a broad and highly productive trans-diagnostic program of research and assembled a large, energetic, and multidisciplinary research group focused on developing and testing novel treatments for the difficult to treat social deficits that cut across most psychiatric disorders. By improving social deficits across disorders, veterans will have better social functioning and decreased symptom severity and will be able to more effectively mobilize their social support networks and engage in other psychiatric treatment. This will lead to better health outcomes and decreased costs for the VA health system.

有一种“孤独流行病”，20% 的平民和高达 50% 的退伍军人表示感到孤独或这在临床上很重要，因为孤独和社会孤立是孤独症的强烈预测因素。身体健康状况恶化和过早死亡与这种流行病密切相关，因为它孤独和社会孤立既会导致孤独和社会孤立，又会加剧精神疾病的社会缺陷。这些社会缺陷最强烈地导致孤独和社会孤立，包括理解困难。他人的行为以及在社交场合举止得体的困难，尽管它们很重要，这些社会缺陷在神经和行为层面上人们知之甚少，并且难以量化。此外，对他们的可用治疗是不够的。神经精神疾病 (BAND) 实验室，由一名由 CSR&D 支持的初级教员组成职业发展奖，博士后5名，其中博士、博士，研究生4名，带薪6名研究助理、20 多名志愿者我们相信心理健康和福祉的关键始于。我们的使命是开发新的药理学和认知干预措施。精神疾病使患者能够加强与他人和世界的联系。工作主要集中于理解心理、行为、生理和神经影响例如，我们使用神经肽催产素治疗多种精神疾病。进行了大量研究以确定催产素对患有以下疾病的个体的急性影响这项工作的一个亮点是我们发现对个体进行单次注射催产素。精神分裂症患者在高级社会认知处理过程中神经活动正常化，并且这正常化与行为表现的改善相关，这项工作获得了 VA CSR&D 优异奖。授予对精神分裂症重复施用催产素的最大随机临床试验我们还进行了研究，调查催产素作为患有此类疾病的潜在治疗方法。酒精、阿片类药物和兴奋剂使用障碍，以及同时发生的创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 和酒精使用障碍（一种常见且难以治疗的合并症）我们最近还完成了一项大型研究。对健康个体进行基于实验室的研究，以确定急性催产素给药是否可以加速团队凝聚力的发展这项工作引导我们追寻药理学。影响社会过程的治疗可以与心理社会治疗相结合，以可能为了研究这种可能性，我们进行了配对研究。服用具有社会影响的各种药物，包括催产素、3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺（MDMA）和裸盖菇素，以及各种心理治疗干预措施，包括基于团体的心理治疗。在非药理学领域，我们一直在研究通过我们的研究结合了多种分析方法，包括智能手机应用程序作为 PTSD 的治疗方法。社会行为的客观衡量，例如眼神、面部表情、团队凝聚力和绩效，社会认知能力的量化、神经影像学方法、基于实验室的渴望诱导范式、心理生理变化和人际同步性的量化总而言之，我有。开发了一个广泛且高效的跨诊断研究计划，并组建了一个大型的、充满活力的多学科研究小组致力于开发和测试新的治疗方法通过改善社会缺陷来治疗大多数精神疾病的社会缺陷是很困难的。疾病，退伍军人将有更好的社会功能和减轻症状严重程度，并且能够更有效地动员他们的社会支持网络并参与其他精神治疗。改善健康结果并降低 VA 卫生系统的成本。