"Examining Marketing and Parents’ Perceptions of Toddler Milk”

“审视营销和家长对幼儿牛奶的看法”

• 批准号: 10464361
• 负责人: Ana Paula Cardoso Richter
• 金额: $ 3.75万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-04-01 至 2025-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10464361
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Age; Americas; Behavior; Belief; Beverages; Brain; Cardiovascular Diseases; Characteristics; Child; Child Health; Childhood; Code; Collaborations; Complex; Consumption; Country; Data; Data Analyses; Databases; Development; Diagnosis; Diet; Dietary Practices; Disease; Elements; Ethnic Origin; Expenditure; Exposure to; Faculty; Focus Groups; Food; Food Industry; Food Labeling; Frequencies; Future; Goals; Government Agencies; Guidelines; Health Food; Image; Immunity; Industry; Intervention; Knowledge; Label; Latin America; Latin American; Latino; Latinx; Librarians; Life Cycle Stages; Literature; Marketing; Medical; Meta-Analysis; Milk; Mission; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Nutrition Policy; Nutritional; Obesity; Parents; Perception; Phase; Policies; Powder dose form; Prevalence; Process; Protocols documentation; Public Health; Reaction; Recommendation; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Sales; Science; Source; Statutes and Laws; Time; Toddler; Training; Training Activity; Translating; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration; Work; World Health Organization; aged; authority; base; cognitive development; critical developmental period; critical period; early childhood; early-life nutrition; feeding; good diet; heuristics; improved; member; parent grant; parental influence; prevent; skills; sugar; sweetened beverage; systematic review; tenure track; therapy development

ABSTRACT Toddler milk (i.e., an ultra-processed milk-based drink marketed to toddlers) is increasing in popularity in the US and globally. However, toddler milk is not recommended by medical and pediatric associations, because it usually contains added sugar, and early consumption of added sugar is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Toddler milk packaging contains front-of-package (FOP) claims marketing the supposed “benefits” of the product. Such marketing claims are not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and may mislead parents about the healthfulness of toddler milk. There is a significant gap in understanding how marketing elements on toddler milk packaging influence parents' perceptions of and beliefs about the product. This gap represents a critical public health problem because understanding how marketing claims on toddler milk packages affect parents is necessary to inform labeling policy and prevent parents from exposure to information that is not supported by science. This project examines how toddler milk marketing influences parental perceptions and beliefs via a systematic review, packaging content analysis, and focus groups with parents. Using primary and secondary data, this study aims to: 1) Describe the determinants of toddler milk purchasing and the influence of marketing on parents’ beliefs and behavior by conducting a systematic review. Under this aim, the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement will be used, and the existing literature around toddler milk labeling will be synthesized; 2) Describe the nutritional qualities and FOP marketing claims of the top 5 toddler milk brands in the United States and 22 Latin American countries by conducting a content analysis of toddler milk FOP labels. This aim will elucidate and quantify food companies' labeling marketing practices around toddler milk; and 3) Explore how marketing exposure, including reactions to FOP claims and warnings, influences parents' perceptions, beliefs, and use of toddler milk. Focus groups with parents of toddlers will provide in-depth knowledge about how and why the marketing practices identified in Aim 2 affect parents' perceptions and beliefs. The overall training objectives are to develop a theoretical understanding of how marketing practices influence consumers' perceptions and beliefs while developing skills to conduct systematic reviews, content analysis, and focus group data analysis. The proposed research fits with NICHD's mission of “enhancing the lives of children,” and is timely and significant because it will generate both an understanding of how food labeling influences parents and evidence to support food labeling policy change. Ultimately, such knowledge has the potential to inform the FDA so that it can regulate toddler milk packaging and protect parents from feeding their children an unhealthy product during a crucial phase of development.

抽象的 幼儿牛奶（即，销售给幼儿的超级加工的基于牛奶的饮料）在美国的受欢迎程度正在增加 和全球。但是，医疗和小儿协会不建议幼儿牛奶，因为它 通常含有添加糖，添加糖的早期消耗与肥胖和类型2有关 糖尿病。蹒跚学步的牛奶包装包含包装前（FOP）声称营销预期的“好处” 产品。此类营销主张不受食品药品监督管理局（FDA）的监管，可能 误导父母对幼儿牛奶的健康状况。理解如何 幼儿牛奶包装的营销元素会影响父母对产品的看法并相信。 该差距代表着一个关键的公共卫生问题，因为了解营销如何对幼儿的索赔 牛奶包影响父母是为了告知标签政策的必要条件，并防止父母接触 科学不支持的信息。该项目考试如何蹒跚学步的牛奶营销影响 父母的看法和通过系统的审查，包装内容分析以及与焦点小组的信念 父母。使用主要和次要数据，本研究的目的是：1）描述幼儿的确定剂 通过进行系统的审查，采购以及营销对父母信念和行为的影响。 在此目标下，首选的报告项目的准则和荟萃分析的 （Prisma）将使用陈述，并将综合有关蹒跚学步的牛奶标签的现有文献； 2） 描述美国前五名幼年品牌的营养品质和FOP营销主张 和22个拉丁美洲国家通过对幼儿牛奶FOP标签进行内容分析。这个目标 阐明和量化食品公司围绕蹒跚学步的牛奶的营销实践的标签； 3）探索如何 营销暴露，包括对FOP主张和警告的反应，会影响父母的看法，信念， 并使用幼儿牛奶。与幼儿父母的焦点小组将提供有关如何和 为什么在AIM 2中确定的营销实践会影响父母的看法和相信。整体培训 目标是对营销实践如何影响消费者的理论理解 在发展技能以进行系统评价，内容分析和焦点小组时的看法和相信 数据分析。拟议的研究符合NICHD的使命，即“改善儿童的生活”，并且是及时的 而重要的是因为它将既会对食物标签如何影响父母产生了解 支持食品标签政策变化的证据。最终，这种知识有可能告知FDA 这样它可以调节幼儿牛奶包装并保护父母免于给孩子喂养不健康的产品 在关键的发展阶段。