Assessing the interactive effect of lifetime and old age cognitive engagement on cognitive decline and dementia: cognitive reserve versus use it or lose it

评估终生和老年认知参与对认知衰退和痴呆的交互影响：认知储备与使用它或失去它

• 批准号: 10447680
• 负责人: Brooke Helppie-McFall
• 金额: $ 39.15万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-06-01 至 2023-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10447680
• 关键词: Affect; Age; Alzheimer' s Disease; Alzheimer' s disease related dementia; Brain; Cognitive; Cognitive aging; Complement; Complex; Consumption; Data; Data Collection; Decision Making; Dementia; Education; Elderly; Employment; Equation; Family; Goals; Government Programs; Growth; Health; Health and Retirement Study; Human; Impaired cognition; Individual; Institution; Job Description; Learning; Length; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Life Style; Link; Long-Term Effects; Longevity; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Mental Depression; Methods; Modeling; Natural experiment; Occupational; Occupations; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Persons; Play; Prevalence; Productivity; Psyche structure; Questionnaires; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Respondent; Role; Shapes; Societies; Statistical Models; Surveys; United States; Variant; Work; base; cognitive reserve; complex data; cost; hazard; health data; human old age (65+); improved; individual variation; interest; life history; middle age; novel; physical conditioning; protective effect; response; social; time use

Project Summary This project will examine the long-term effects of lifetime cognitive engagement, the short-term effects of cognitive engagement in old age, and the mediating effect of lifetime cognitive engagement on those short- term effects. This examination will be made possible by using rich data from the large, longitudinal but complex Health and Retirement Study (HRS), including its supplements such as the Consumption and Activities Mail Survey (CAMS), the Participant Lifestyle Questionnaire (PLQ), and the Life History Mail Survey (LHMS). To make use of the data we will create measures of cognitive engagement and build a statistical model that can jointly estimate long-term associations and short-term effects. The results of our analysis will help assess the importance of the long-term effects of cognitive engagement over the life course, through the mechanism of cognitive reserve, and the shorter term effects of cognitive engagement at older ages, through “use-it-or-lose- it”. We will develop measures of cognitive engagement, defined as the extent to which people use their brains, for a large set of subjects spanning their entire lives. To measure cognitive engagement in young and middle ages, we will use complete and harmonized histories of education and employment and detailed descriptions of jobs that include requirements of cognitive and social tasks. To measure cognitive engagement in older ages, we will use many variables on work and non-work activities, scattered around different parts of the survey and available for different subsets of the respondents. We will complement the activity-based measures by a novel measure based on response patterns to cognitively demanding survey questions, such as don't know responses, rounded and crude value responses, longitudinal variation of responses, and other aspects of response style. All of these measures make use of information on what people do in contrast with existing measures of cognitive engagement that are based on summary measures of educational attainment or self- reports about liking to engage in cognitively demanding activities. Our measures will allow us to analyze how lifetime cognitive engagement predicts interpersonal differences in cognitive engagement in old age and how health, functional limitations and depression may confound or interact with such effects. The results of our analysis will enhance our understanding of the complex role cognitive reserve may play in shaping cognitive decline and dementia in old age.

项目摘要 该项目将研究终生认知参与的长期影响，这是 老年的认知参与以及终生认知参与对那些短暂的认知效果 术语效应。通过使用来自大型，纵向但复杂的丰富数据，这项检查将成为可能 健康和退休研究（HRS），包括其补品，例如消费和活动邮件 调查（CAM），参与者的生活方式问卷（PLQ）和《生活历史邮件调查》（LHMS）。到 利用数据我们将创建认知参与度的测量结果，并建立一个统计模型，可以 共同估计长期关联和短期影响。我们的分析结果将有助于评估 认知参与对生活过程的长期影响的重要性，通过机制 认知储备，以及老年认知参与的较短术语效应，通过“使用或失败 - ”。我们将制定认知参与度的测量，定义为人们使用大脑的程度， 对于一生遍布一生的大量主题。衡量年轻和中间的认知参与 年龄，我们将使用完整而统一的教育和就业历史以及详细的描述 包括认知和社会任务要求的工作。衡量年龄较大的认知参与 年龄，我们将在工作和非工作活动上使用许多变量，分散在围绕的不同部分 调查并适用于受访者的不同子集。我们将完成基于活动的措施 通过基于对认知要求要求调查问题的响应模式的新颖测量，例如 了解响应，圆润和粗略的价值反应，响应的纵向变化以及其他方面 响应样式。所有这些措施都利用有关人们所做的信息与现有的信息 认知参与度的度量基于对教育程度或自我的摘要测量 关于喜欢从事认知要求的活动的报告。我们的措施将使我们能够分析 终身认知参与预测老年认知参与的人际差异以及如何 健康，功能局限性和抑郁症可能会混淆或与此类影响相互作用。我们的结果 分析将增强我们对认知储备可能在塑造认知方面发挥的复杂作用的理解 老年人的衰落和痴呆症。