Assessing the interactive effect of lifetime and old age cognitive engagement on cognitive decline and dementia: cognitive reserve versus use it or lose it

评估终生和老年认知参与对认知衰退和痴呆的交互影响：认知储备与使用它或失去它

• 批准号: 10447680
• 负责人: Brooke Helppie-McFall
• 金额: $ 39.15万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-06-01 至 2023-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10447680
• 关键词: Affect; Age; Alzheimer' s Disease; Alzheimer' s disease related dementia; Brain; Cognitive; Cognitive aging; Complement; Complex; Consumption; Data; Data Collection; Decision Making; Dementia; Education; Elderly; Employment; Equation; Family; Goals; Government Programs; Growth; Health; Health and Retirement Study; Human; Impaired cognition; Individual; Institution; Job Description; Learning; Length; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Life Style; Link; Long-Term Effects; Longevity; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Mental Depression; Methods; Modeling; Natural experiment; Occupational; Occupations; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Persons; Play; Prevalence; Productivity; Psyche structure; Questionnaires; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Respondent; Role; Shapes; Societies; Statistical Models; Surveys; United States; Variant; Work; base; cognitive reserve; complex data; cost; hazard; health data; human old age (65+); improved; individual variation; interest; life history; middle age; novel; physical conditioning; protective effect; response; social; time use

Project Summary This project will examine the long-term effects of lifetime cognitive engagement, the short-term effects of cognitive engagement in old age, and the mediating effect of lifetime cognitive engagement on those short- term effects. This examination will be made possible by using rich data from the large, longitudinal but complex Health and Retirement Study (HRS), including its supplements such as the Consumption and Activities Mail Survey (CAMS), the Participant Lifestyle Questionnaire (PLQ), and the Life History Mail Survey (LHMS). To make use of the data we will create measures of cognitive engagement and build a statistical model that can jointly estimate long-term associations and short-term effects. The results of our analysis will help assess the importance of the long-term effects of cognitive engagement over the life course, through the mechanism of cognitive reserve, and the shorter term effects of cognitive engagement at older ages, through “use-it-or-lose- it”. We will develop measures of cognitive engagement, defined as the extent to which people use their brains, for a large set of subjects spanning their entire lives. To measure cognitive engagement in young and middle ages, we will use complete and harmonized histories of education and employment and detailed descriptions of jobs that include requirements of cognitive and social tasks. To measure cognitive engagement in older ages, we will use many variables on work and non-work activities, scattered around different parts of the survey and available for different subsets of the respondents. We will complement the activity-based measures by a novel measure based on response patterns to cognitively demanding survey questions, such as don't know responses, rounded and crude value responses, longitudinal variation of responses, and other aspects of response style. All of these measures make use of information on what people do in contrast with existing measures of cognitive engagement that are based on summary measures of educational attainment or self- reports about liking to engage in cognitively demanding activities. Our measures will allow us to analyze how lifetime cognitive engagement predicts interpersonal differences in cognitive engagement in old age and how health, functional limitations and depression may confound or interact with such effects. The results of our analysis will enhance our understanding of the complex role cognitive reserve may play in shaping cognitive decline and dementia in old age.

项目概要 该项目将研究终生认知参与的长期影响、认知参与的短期影响 老年认知参与，以及终生认知参与对短期认知参与的中介作用 这项研究将通过使用来自大量、纵向但复杂的丰富数据来实现。 健康与退休研究 (HRS)，包括其补充材料，例如消费和活动邮件 调查 (CAMS)、参与者生活方式问卷 (PLQ) 和生活史邮件调查 (LHMS)。 利用这些数据，我们将创建认知参与度的衡量标准并建立一个统计模型，该模型可以 共同估计长期关联和短期影响。我们的分析结果将有助于评估。 通过以下机制，认识参与对生命历程的长期影响的重要性 认知储备，以及老年人认知参与的短期影响，通过“使用或失去” 我们将制定认知参与度的衡量标准，定义为人们使用大脑的程度， 测量青少年和中年人的认知参与度。 年龄，我们将使用完整且统一的教育和就业历史以及详细描述 包括认知和社交任务要求的工作来衡量老年人的认知参与度。 年龄，我们将使用许多关于工作和非工作活动的变量，这些变量分散在世界的不同部分 调查并适用于不同的受访者群体。我们将补充基于活动的措施。 通过一种基于对认知要求较高的调查问题的响应模式的新颖测量，例如“不” 了解响应、四舍五入和粗略值响应、响应的纵向变化以及其他方面 所有这些措施都利用了人们的行为信息，与现有的行为形成对比。 基于教育程度或自我评价的汇总测量的认知参与测量 关于喜欢从事认知要求高的活动的报告我们的测量将使我们能够分析如何进行。 终生认知参与预测老年认知参与的人际差异以及如何预测 健康、功能限制和抑郁可能会混淆或与我们的结果相互作用。 分析将增强我们对认知储备在认知塑造中可能发挥的复杂作用的理解 老年时身体衰退和痴呆。