The electrode-neural interface in auditory brainstem implants

听觉脑干植入物中的电极神经接口

• 批准号: 10432541
• 负责人: Mahan Azadpour
• 金额: $ 25.43万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-05-01 至 2024-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10432541
• 关键词: Acoustic Nerve; Action Potentials; Address; Auditory; Auditory Brain Stem Implants; Auditory Perception; Awareness; Behavioral; Bypass; Characteristics; Cochlea; Cochlear Implants; Cochlear Nerve; Cochlear nucleus; Code; Complex; Computer software; Data; Devices; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Environment; Foundations; Goals; Hearing; Implanted Electrodes; Individual; Knowledge; Measures; Morphology; Neurons; Operative Surgical Procedures; Outcome; Patient-Focused Outcomes; Patients; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Persons; Property; Recovery; Research; Role; Site; Speech; Speech Perception; Therapeutic; Time; United States; auditory pathway; auditory processing; behavior measurement; behavioral outcome; biophysical properties; deaf; deafness; hard of hearing; hearing impairment; hearing restoration; implantable device; implantation; improved; individual patient; insight; microphone; neuroadaptation; relating to nervous system; response; signal processing; sound; voltage

PROJECT SUMMARY Auditory brainstem implants (ABI) are the only therapeutic option for deaf patients with abnormal cochlea or auditory nerve. ABIs bypass the auditory nerve and directly stimulate the central auditory pathways using electrodes surgically placed on the cochlear nucleus. Current ABI devices use the same coding strategies as cochlear implants (CI) to encode sound into electrical stimulation. However, despite identical external hardware, signal processing, and stimulation patterns being delivered by ABI and CI electrodes, the two devices have very different outcomes. Only a small percentage of ABI patients can understand speech using their device, whereas CI patients can generally communicate verbally using their device alone. The mechanisms for these disparate outcomes are elusive, but may be related to the differences in electrode- neural interface characteristics between the two devices. The cochlear nucleus, the site of ABI stimulation, is much more complex than the auditory nerve and consists of diverse neuron types. The majority of cochlear nucleus neural types have different biophysical properties than the auditory nerve. Aim 1 is to study electrode- neural interface characteristics in ABI patients and their relation to perceptual outcomes. We will study electrode-neural interface by obtaining electrically-evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) using the voltage recording capability of the implant device. We will use ECAP to assess the morphology of neural responses as well as neural recovery and adaptation of neural responses. We will also assess neural interactions between different electrodes. We will evaluate the association between electrode-neural interface and behavioral performance, and assess how this association differs between ABI and CI patients. Aim 2 is to evaluate whether the electrode-neural interface measures can guide elimination of poorly functioning electrodes to improve ABI patient outcomes. We will compare speech perception outcomes obtained before and after eliminating the poorly functioning electrodes from the coding strategy. Speech perception outcomes with each new manipulation will be measured when the subjects have had the opportunity to adapt to it for one month. This study will provide critical understanding regarding auditory processing differences between ABI and CI users, which may be related to differences in electrode-neural interface between the cochlea and the cochlear nucleus.

项目概要 听觉脑干植入物 (ABI) 是耳蜗异常或耳聋患者的唯一治疗选择 听觉神经。 ABI 绕过听觉神经并直接刺激中枢听觉通路 通过手术将电极放置在耳蜗核上。当前的 ABI 设备使用与 人工耳蜗 (CI) 将声音编码为电刺激。然而，尽管外部结构相同 硬件、信号处理和刺激模式由 ABI 和 CI 电极提供，这两个电极 设备有非常不同的结果。只有一小部分 ABI 患者能够通过以下方式理解言语 他们的设备，而 CI 患者通常可以单独使用他们的设备进行口头交流。这 这些不同结果的机制难以捉摸，但可能与电极的差异有关 两个设备之间的神经接口特征。耳蜗核是 ABI 刺激的部位， 比听觉神经复杂得多，由多种神经元类型组成。大多数人工耳蜗 核神经类型具有与听神经不同的生物物理特性。目标1是研究电极- ABI 患者的神经界面特征及其与知觉结果的关系。我们将学习 通过使用以下方法获得电诱发复合动作电位（ECAP）来建立电极-神经界面 植入设备的电压记录能力。我们将使用 ECAP 来评估神经的形态 反应以及神经恢复和神经反应的适应。我们还将评估神经 不同电极之间的相互作用。我们将评估电极-神经界面之间的关联 和行为表现，并评估 ABI 和 CI 患者之间这种关联有何不同。目标 2 是 评估电极-神经界面测量是否可以指导消除功能不良 改善 ABI 患者治疗效果的电极。我们将比较之前获得的语音感知结果 以及从编码策略中消除功能不良的电极之后。言语感知结果 当受试者有机会适应一次新的操作时，将对其进行测量 月。这项研究将提供关于 ABI 之间听觉处理差异的批判性理解 和 CI 用户，这可能与耳蜗和耳蜗之间的电极神经界面差异有关 耳蜗核。