Mechanisms by Which Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue Expands During Calorie Restriction

热量限制期间骨髓脂肪组织扩张的机制

• 批准号: 10439959
• 负责人: Rebecca L. Schill
• 金额: $ 3.43万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-04 至 2022-03-03
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10439959
• 关键词: Address; Adipocytes; Adipose tissue; Adrenal Cortex; Aging; Animals; Anorexia; Biology; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Ablation; Caloric Restriction; Cell Nucleus; Cell physiology; Cells; Cushing Syndrome; Diabetes Mellitus; Disease; Estrogens; Gene Expression; Genes; Genetic; Glucocorticoid Receptor; Glucocorticoids; Goals; Hormones; Human; Hydrocortisone; Injections; Location; Marrow; Measures; Mediator of activation protein; Metabolic Diseases; Metabolism; Modeling; Mus; Nutrient; Obesity; Osteogenesis; Osteoporosis; Patients; Physiological; Physiological Adaptation; Physiology; Pituitary-dependent Cushing' s disease; Play; Population; Process; Reporting; Role; Series; Signal Transduction; Stress; System; Testing; Tissue Expansion; Tissues; absorption; adiponectin; bone; bone loss; bone mass; bone metabolism; cell type; design; experimental study; genetic approach; innovation; interest; mouse model; new therapeutic target; novel; novel therapeutic intervention; programs; response; tool; transcriptome sequencing

Project Summary Adipose tissue is located throughout the body, and adipocytes can have very unique functions depending on the niche in which they reside. One understudied type of adipose tissue is bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), which is located inside the bone as part of the bone marrow. BMAT can make up to 70% of the bone marrow volume and is ~10% of total adipose mass; however, very little is known about the function of these cells. BMAT is highly dynamic and expands under a variety of conditions, including obesity, diabetes, osteoporosis, aging, estrogen deficiency, anorexia, and calorie restriction (CR). The mechanism by which BMAT expands and the role of BMAT expansion in whole-body physiology is poorly understood. We are particularly interested in BMAT expansion following CR because it is a situation in which most other types of adipose tissue decrease in mass. Our goals are to understand why BMAT responds differently than other types of adipose tissue following CR, determine the physiological importance of this expansion, and identify what signals drive BMAT expansion. One potential mechanism by which BMAT expands during CR, is through excess glucocorticoids. Several conditions involving excess circulating glucocorticoids, such as Cushing’s Disease, have been shown to also cause increased BMAT volume. Similarly, in healthy patients, BMAT volume increases following injection of synthetic glucocorticoids. Therefore, we have designed a series of experiments to test the overall hypothesis that following CR, BMAT plays an important role in physiological adaptation and that excess glucocorticoids drive BMAT expansion by altering BMAT gene expression. The field of BMAT biology has been limited by the ability to purify and manipulate bone marrow adipocytes (BMA), while avoiding all other cell types within the bone marrow niche. To test our hypothesis, we have developed a series of novel mouse models to selectively measure gene expression and delete genes of interest within BMA. We will use these models to measure gene expression in BMA compared to adipocytes from other adipose depots following CR using single-nuclei RNA-sequencing. Additionally, we will target the primary mechanism of glucocorticoid action, the glucocorticoid receptor, for deletion within BMA. We have also developed models to measure how complete ablation of BMA impacts whole-body physiology. Our results will provide a better understanding of BMAT’s physiological role, both at baseline and following CR, and will potentially identify new therapeutic approaches to target BMAT for a variety of metabolic diseases.

项目摘要 脂肪组织位于整个体内，脂肪细胞可以具有非常独特的 功能取决于它们所在的利基市场。一种理解的类型的脂肪组织 是骨髓脂肪组织（BMAT），它位于骨头内部 骨髓。 BMAT最多可占骨髓体积的70％，约占脂肪的10％ 大量的;但是，对这些细胞的功能知之甚少。 BMAT是高度动态的，并且 在各种疾病下扩张，包括肥胖，糖尿病，骨质疏松症，衰老，雌激素 缺乏症，厌食和卡路里限制（CR）。 BMAT扩展的机制和 BMAT扩展在全身生理学中的作用知之甚少。 我们对CR之后的BMAT扩展特别感兴趣，因为这是一种情况 大多数其他类型的脂肪组织质量减少。我们的目标是了解为什么 CR后，BMAT的反应与其他类型的脂肪组织不同，确定 这种扩展的生理重要性，并确定哪些信号驱动BMAT扩展。一 BMAT在CR期间扩展的潜在机制是通过过量的糖皮质激素。 涉及过量循环糖皮质激素（例如库欣氏病）的几种情况有 被证明还会导致BMAT量增加。同样，在健康的患者中，BMAT体积 注射合成糖皮质激素后增加。因此，我们设计了一个系列 测试总体假设的实验，即CR，BMAT在 生理适应和超过糖皮质激素通过改变BMAT驱动BMAT扩展 基因表达。 BMAT生物学领域受到净化和操纵骨骼的能力的限制 骨髓脂肪细胞（BMA），同时避免了骨髓小裂中的所有其他细胞类型。到 检验我们的假设，我们开发了一系列新型的小鼠模型来选择性测量 基因表达和删除BMA中感兴趣的基因。我们将使用这些模型测量 与其他脂肪沉积物的脂肪细胞相比，BMA中的基因表达 单核RNA测序。此外，我们将针对 糖皮质激素作用，糖皮质激素受体，可在BMA内缺失。我们也有 开发了模型以衡量BMA的完整消融如何影响全身生理。 我们的结果将在基准和 遵循CR，并有可能确定针对BMAT的新治疗方法 多种代谢疾病。