A role for the p75 neurotrophin receptor in Schwann cell regulation of sensory neurons
p75 神经营养素受体在雪旺细胞调节感觉神经元中的作用
基本信息
- 批准号:10417076
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 50.91万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:
- 财政年份:2018
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2018-07-01 至 2024-05-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Peripheral neuropathy is a debilitating and often painful condition associated with a wide variety of
diseases. Unfortunately, in most cases, there is no treatment for the neurodegeneration, highlighting the need
to better understand the mechanisms regulating axon integrity and neuron viability. One key regulator of
neuron survival and axon growth is the family of neurotrophins, which act through binding to the Trk family of
receptor tyrosine kinases and the p75 neurotrophin receptor. Activation of the Trks promotes survival and
growth, while stimulation of p75 can induce apoptosis and axon degeneration. However, p75 can also form a
high affinity complex with the Trks that mediates pro-survival signaling. Reduced neurotrophin signaling in
neurons leads to impaired sensory function in humans and complete loss of neurotrophin signaling leads to
extensive neuronal apoptosis. For example, mice lacking p75 lose ~50% of the sensory neurons in their dorsal
root ganglia (DRG), which was presumed to be due to a reduction in the p75-Trk complex in the neurons,
leading to inadequate trophic support. However, p75 is also expressed in Schwann cells and we made the
surprising discovery that selective deletion of p75 in Schwann cells resulted in a 30% reduction in DRG
neurons and decreased heat sensitivity. These results support growing evidence that glial cells are critical
modulators of neuronal function and viability. We also found altered lipid metabolism in p75-/- nerves, with a
marked increase in oxysterols and acylcarnitines, which are neurotoxic. Therefore, we hypothesize that p75
null Schwann cells release these lipids, leading to neurodegeneration. In considering how p75 could regulate
lipid metabolism, we identified a novel complex between p75 and the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2 via the
polarity protein, Par3, in Schwann cells. Binding of the neurotrophin BDNF to this complex activated ErbB2
signaling and in nerves from p75 deficient mice there was a reduction in ErbB2 activity. During normal
development, signaling from receptor tyrosine kinases in Schwann cells activates lipid biogenesis and shuts
down -oxidation to produce myelin. We propose that loss of the p75/ErbB2/Par3 complex disrupts cholesterol
biosynthesis, leading to oxysterol production, and shifts lipids to -oxidation, which results in accumulation of
acylcarnitines. We further hypothesize that the release of oxysterols and acylcarnitines by the Schwann cells
causes degeneration of sensory neurons. In this project, we will test these hypotheses by a) defining the
populations of neurons affected in mice lacking p75 in Schwann cells; b) determining whether the production of
oxysterols and/or acylcarnitines by the glia accounts for the neuron loss; c) elucidating the mechanisms by
which p75 regulates lipid metabolism. The results will reveal unique mechanisms by which Schwann cells
modulate neuron viability, thereby providing new insights into the etiology of peripheral neuropathy.
周围神经病是一种令人衰弱的,通常与各种各样的痛苦
疾病。不幸的是,在大多数情况下,没有针对神经变性的治疗方法,强调了需求
更好地了解调节轴突完整性和神经元生存力的机制。一个关键调节器
神经元的生存和轴突生长是神经营养蛋白的家族,它通过与TRK家族结合起作用
受体酪氨酸激酶和p75神经营养蛋白受体。 TRK的激活促进生存和
生长,而刺激p75可以诱导凋亡和轴突变性。但是,p75也可以形成
与介导促生存信号传导的TRK的高亲和力复合物。降低神经营养蛋白信号传导
神经元导致人类的感觉功能受损,而神经营养蛋白信号的完全丧失导致
广泛的神经元细胞凋亡。例如,缺乏p75的小鼠在其背部失去了约50%的感觉神经元
根神经节(DRG)是由于神经元中P75-TRK复合物的减少所致
导致营养支持不足。但是,p75也在schwann细胞中表达,我们使
令人惊讶的发现,Schwann细胞中P75的选择性缺失导致DRG降低了30%
神经元和提高热敏感性。这些结果支持越来越多的证据表明神经胶质细胞至关重要
神经元功能和活力的调节剂。我们还发现p75 - / - 神经中的脂质代谢改变了,
神经毒性的氧化酚和酰基肉碱的明显增加。因此,我们假设p75
Null Schwann细胞释放这些脂质,导致神经变性。在考虑P75如何调节时
脂质代谢,我们通过p75和受体酪氨酸激酶ERBB2通过
Schwann细胞中的极性蛋白,PAR3。神经营养蛋白BDNF与该复合物激活的ERBB2结合
信号传导和p75缺乏小鼠的神经中的ERBB2活性降低。在正常情况下
开发,来自雪旺细胞中受体酪氨酸激酶的信号传导激活脂质生物发生并关闭
下氧化以产生髓磷脂。我们建议损失p75/erbb2/par3复合物破坏胆固醇
生物合成,导致氧酚产生,并将脂质转移到氧化,从而导致积累
酰基肉碱。我们进一步假设,雪旺氏细胞释放氧
引起感觉神经元的变性。在这个项目中,我们将通过a)定义来检验这些假设
在雪旺细胞中缺乏p75的小鼠中受影响的神经元群体; b)确定生产是否
神经胶质的氧化酚和/或酰基肉碱造成神经元丧失; c)通过
P75调节脂质代谢。结果将揭示Schwann细胞的独特机制
调节神经元的生存力,从而为周围神经病的病因提供新的见解。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(1)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)

暂无数据
数据更新时间:2024-06-01
Bruce D Carter的其他基金
The role of the glial engulfment receptor Jedi1 in regulating sensory neuron function
胶质吞噬受体Jedi1在调节感觉神经元功能中的作用
- 批准号:1039287710392877
- 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:$ 50.91万$ 50.91万
- 项目类别:
A role for the p75 neurotrophin receptor in Schwann cell regulation of sensory neurons
p75 神经营养素受体在雪旺细胞调节感觉神经元中的作用
- 批准号:1017044910170449
- 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:$ 50.91万$ 50.91万
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Structure, Folding, and Misfolding of PMP22
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Structure, Folding, and Misfolding of PMP22
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- 批准号:82470088247008
- 财政年份:2010
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Structure, Folding, and Misfolding of PMP22
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- 批准号:78820317882031
- 财政年份:2010
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Mechanisms of apoptotic neuron clearance in the peripheral nervous system
周围神经系统凋亡神经元清除机制
- 批准号:82863358286335
- 财政年份:2009
- 资助金额:$ 50.91万$ 50.91万
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Mechanisms of apoptotic neuron clearance in the peripheral nervous system
周围神经系统凋亡神经元清除机制
- 批准号:77298727729872
- 财政年份:2009
- 资助金额:$ 50.91万$ 50.91万
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Mechanisms of apoptotic neuron clearance in the peripheral nervous system
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- 批准号:80965428096542
- 财政年份:2009
- 资助金额:$ 50.91万$ 50.91万
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Mechanisms of apoptotic neuron clearance in the peripheral nervous system
周围神经系统凋亡神经元清除机制
- 批准号:84904558490455
- 财政年份:2009
- 资助金额:$ 50.91万$ 50.91万
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