Mechanisms and plasticity of history-dependent processing in the visual cortex

视觉皮层历史依赖性处理的机制和可塑性

• 批准号: 10320472
• 负责人: LINDSEY L GLICKFELD
• 金额: $ 45.06万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-04-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10320472
• 关键词: Animals; Area; Behavior; Behavior Control; Behavioral; Cells; Data; Dependence; Discrimination; Electrophysiology (science); Equilibrium; Goals; Head Movements; Hour; Image; Impairment; Interneurons; Measurement; Measures; Mental Depression; Mus; Neurons; Noise; Perception; Perceptual learning; Performance; Process; Property; Recording of previous events; Recovery; Recurrence; Sensory; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Specificity; Stimulus; Stream; Synapses; Testing; Time; Training; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; Visual system structure; area striata; awake; excitatory neuron; experience; experimental study; extracellular; extrastriate visual cortex; improved; in vivo; inhibitory neuron; millisecond; neural circuit; neuropsychiatric disorder; object recognition; rapid eye movement; recruit; response; sensory input; sensory system; synaptic depression; transmission process; two-photon; visual adaptation; visual processing; visual stimulus

Abstract Adaptation is a fundamental feature of sensory processing whereby recent sensory experience shapes responses to current input. This phenomenon has been observed across species, sensory systems, and stages of processing and has been shown to engage mechanisms that are induced across a range of time-scales from milliseconds to hours. In the visual system, rapid eye and head movements make shorter time-scales of adaptation particularly relevant for determining sensory encoding during ongoing behavior. We have recently identified a form of rapid, stimulus-specific adaptation in the awake mouse primary visual cortex (V1) that is engaged on the scale of milliseconds and persists for seconds. Importantly, adaptation on this time-scale is important for sensory processing as it dramatically impairs performance on an orientation discrimination task. Thus, our goal here is to determine the mechanisms that underlie the magnitude, time-course and stimulus specificity adaptation with the aim of determining how adaptation shapes sensory processing across the visual hierarchy and behavioral states. In particular, we will test the hypothesis that adaptation is largely determined by cortico-cortical short-term synaptic depression and is under the specific control of behavioral context. In Aim 1, we will use intra- and extracellular recordings in combination with opto- and chemogenetic manipulations to determine the contribution of depression at cortico-cortical synapses to adaptation. We will also test the contribution of other mechanisms including activation of intrinsic conductances, recruitment of suppressive mechanisms, and changes in the balance of excitation and inhibition. In Aim 2, we will use extracellular recordings to measure the magnitude, time-course and specificity of adaptation in excitatory and inhibitory neurons in V1 and the higher visual areas. This will reveal how adaptation accumulates along the visual cortical hierarchy, with a particular focus on the ventral stream which is thought to support object recognition through adaptation. In Aim 3, we will investigate the impact of behavioral context on adaptation. Our preliminary data reveal that the specificity of adaptation is different in naïve mice and those mice performing an orientation discrimination task. We will determine the specific behavioral contexts (task engagement versus training) that control adaptation, and investigate the circuit mechanisms that support this plasticity. Together, these experiments will reveal how rapid adaptation shapes, and potentially enriches, sensory processing across visual areas and behavioral contexts. We expect that these results will reveal general principles underlying adaptation across sensory areas, as well as mechanisms that are specialized to support visual processing and perception.

抽象的 适应是感官处理的基本特征，最近的感官体验 形状对当前输入的响应。已经观察到这种现象在物种之间观察到 系统和处理的阶段，并已被证明可以参与遍布跨的机制 从毫秒到几个小时的一系列时间尺度。在视觉系统中，快速的眼睛和头部运动 使适应的时间尺度较短 持续的行为。我们最近在清醒中确定了一种快速，刺激的适应 小鼠初级视觉皮层（V1），其尺寸为毫秒，并且持续了几秒钟。 重要的是，对此时间尺度的适应对于感觉处理很重要，因为它极大地损害了 方向歧视任务的性能。那是我们这里的目标是确定机制 这是基础，以确定的目的 适应如何塑造跨视觉层次结构和行为状态的感觉处理。在 特别是，我们将检验以下假设：适应大部分由皮质皮质短期决定 突触抑郁症，在行为环境的特定控制下。在AIM 1中，我们将使用内部 以及细胞外记录与Opt-和化学遗传操作结合使用，以确定 皮质皮质突触对适应的抑郁症的贡献。我们还将测试 其他机制，包括激活固有电导，募集 机制以及兴奋和抑制平衡的变化。在AIM 2中，我们将使用细胞外 记录以衡量兴奋性适应的大小，时间和时间和特异性 V1和较高视觉区域的抑制神经元。这将揭示适应如何累积 视觉皮质层次结构，特别关注腹侧，被认为支持 通过适应对象识别。在AIM 3中，我们将研究行为环境对 适应。我们的初步数据表明，在幼稚的小鼠中适应的特异性不同，并且 那些执行定向歧视任务的小鼠。我们将确定特定的行为 控制适应和调查电路的上下文（任务参与与培训） 支持这种可塑性的机制。这些实验将共同揭示适应性的速度 形状，并有可能丰富视觉区域和行为环境之间的感觉处理。我们 预计这些结果将揭示感官区域之间适应基础的一般原则，例如 以及专门支持视觉处理和感知的机制。