ARBOVIRUS CIRCULATION AND DIVERSITY OF MOSQUITO VECTORS ACROSS HABITATS IN THE GAMBIA

冈比亚各栖息地的虫媒病毒传播和蚊媒多样性

• 批准号: 10303931
• 负责人: Gillian Eastwood
• 金额: $ 6.24万
• 依托单位: VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INST AND ST UNIV
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-06-24 至 2023-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10303931
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Aedes; Affect; Africa; Anopheles Genus; Antibodies; Arbovirus Infections; Arboviruses; Attention; Awareness; Blood Circulation; Catalogs; Clinical; Cold Chains; Communicable Diseases; Communities; Country; Culicidae; Data; Demography; Development; Diagnosis; Disease; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Vectors; Ecology; Economic Conditions; Ecosystem; Entomology; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Etiology; Fever; Future; Gambia; Geography; Goals; Habitats; Health; Health system; Human; Hygiene; Infrastructure; Investigation; Knowledge; Lead; Light; Link; Location; London; Malaria; Medical; Medical Research; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Politics; Population; Prevalence; Prevention; Public Health; Research; Rift Valley Fever; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Rural; Sampling; Schools; Seasons; Senegal; Site; Statistical Models; Strategic Planning; Symptoms; System; Testing; Tropical Medicine; Vector-transmitted infectious disease; Virus; Yellow Fever; Yellow fever virus; ZIKA; Zika Virus; Zoonoses; burden of illness; design; experience; flu; health data; improved; infection rate; malaria mosquito; mortality; mosquito-borne; neglect; novel; novel virus; pathogen; programs; response; rural area; socioeconomics; transmission process; trend; urban area; vector; vector control; vector management strategies; vector mosquito

Project Summary/Abstract This application seeks to examine arbovirus and mosquito vector prevalence and identify their possible influence in The Gambia. An existing infrastructure in the country for malaria investigation will jumpstart this project. Like malaria, mosquito-borne arboviruses can cause febrile illness; with significant morbidity and even mortality, in multiple regions of the world. Practically nothing is known about the arboviruses that circulate in The Gambia; except for three instances: an outbreak of Yellow Fever over forty years ago, localized antibody evidence of Zika virus, and two one-off cases of Rift Valley fever. Arboviral activity of this unique country is poorly understood. Importantly, there are cases of acute febrile illness in The Gambia that are not attributable to malaria, and we hypothesize that arboviruses are circulating in the region that could be responsible for a proportion of such cases. In addition, there is a paucity of data on local mosquito populations, other than the Anopheline vectors of malaria, and potential vectors of arboviruses. Incrimination of mosquito species responsible for natural arbovirus transmission is pivotal to understanding pathogen dynamics and designing precise vector control strategies. To enhance response to emerging public health threats in The Gambia, the proposed research aims to address gaps in the knowledge of mosquito-borne arboviruses and their vectors by: (a) sampling mosquitoes in The Gambia (utilizing a framework already in place for malaria monitoring, with extended sampling locations) to contrast vector species communities in different landscapes during both the dry and rainy seasons, and to assess arboviral evidence to determine mosquito infection rates across regions; and (b) evaluating vector species diversity and abundance, as well as predictors of the risk of detected mosquito species and arboviruses, considering their prevalence in association with seasonality, macroclimate, and landscape development. Vector and arbovirus presence can, in future, be compared to potential geographic prevalence of human cases. When fever is not caused by malaria, local epidemiology, including a baseline knowledge of what arboviruses and their vectors are circulating in a region, can guide medical decisions. The proposed research is both significant and novel because it addresses the lack of understanding of arbovirus existence in a previously unstudied country, one that is experiencing unexplained cases of acute febrile illness. Although neighboring Senegal has been noted for an arboviral presence, The Gambia has a separate geography, public health system, and political setting, and is unexplored in this respect. Non-malarial febrile illness occurs in The Gambia, and we propose initial steps for investigating arboviruses as potential etiological agents, allowing for improved understanding of infectious disease agents. We aim to generate preliminary data for studies of arboviruses threatening health in The Gambia and, ultimately, facilitating targeted prevention of arboviral pathogens (as well as malaria) and a more streamlined approach to addressing vector-borne disease burden.

项目摘要/摘要 该应用程序旨在检查arbovirus和Mosquito向量的患病率，并确定其可能 在冈比亚的影响。该国现有的疟疾调查基础设施将开始 项目。像疟疾一样，蚊子 - 传播的arbovirus会导致高温疾病。有明显的发病率甚至 死亡率，在世界多个地区。实际上，关于在循环中循环的arbovirus一无所知 冈比亚;除三个实例外：四十年前的黄热病爆发，局部抗体 寨卡病毒的证据和两例一次性裂谷热病例。这个独特国家的arboviral活动很差 理解。重要的是，冈比亚有一些急性高热疾病，这不是疟疾， 我们假设arbovirus在该地区循环，可能是造成比例的一部分 这样的情况。此外，除疾病线以外，当地蚊子种群的数据很少 疟疾的载体和arboviruses的潜在载体。负责自然的蚊子物种的罪名 Arbovirus的传播对于理解病原体动力学和设计精确的矢量控制至关重要 策略。 为了增强对冈比亚新兴公共卫生威胁的反应，拟议的研究旨在 通过以下方式解决蚊子传播的arboviruses及其媒介的差距：（a）在 冈比亚（利用已经建立的疟疾监测框架，并带有扩展采样位置） 在干燥季节和雨季中，对比矢量物种群落在不同的景观中，以及 评估砷病毒证据以确定各个地区的蚊子感染率； （b）评估矢量 物种多样性和丰度，以及发现蚊子物种和arbovirus的风险的预测指标， 考虑到它们与季节性，大气候和景观发展相关的流行。向量 将来可以将存在与人类病例的潜在地理流行率进行比较。 当发烧不是由疟疾引起的，局部流行病学，包括基线知识 他们的向量在一个地区流传，可以指导医疗决定。拟议的研究都是 重要和新颖 未经研究的国家，正在经历无法解释的急性高温疾病的病例。虽然相邻 塞内加尔（Senegal 和政治环境，在这方面尚未探索。冈比亚发生非疟疾的高温疾病， 我们提出了将arbovirus作为潜在病因的初步步骤，从而改善了 了解传染病药物。我们旨在生成用于研究的初步数据 威胁冈比亚的健康，并最终促进有针对性的预防灰烬病毒病原体（也 作为疟疾）和一种更简化的方法来解决媒介传播疾病负担。