An integrative framework of cognitive control and reward modulation in children with ADHD: from brain dynamics to clinical symptoms

ADHD 儿童认知控制和奖励调节的综合框架：从大脑动力学到临床症状

• 批准号: 10296575
• 负责人: Weidong Cai
• 金额: $ 79.98万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-01 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10296575
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Brain; Brain imaging; Child; Childhood; Classification; Clinical; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Computer Models; Development; Diagnosis; Disease; Family; Financial Hardship; Foundations; Functional disorder; Future; Goals; Hyperactivity; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Impulsivity; Individual; Individual Differences; Intervention; Knowledge; Life; Link; Mental disorders; Modeling; Motivation; Neurobiology; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Nucleus Accumbens; Performance; Prefrontal Cortex; Prevalence; Process; Research; Rewards; Schizophrenia; Severities; Sex Differences; Social Functioning; Societies; Speed; Subgroup; Symptoms; System; Testing; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; autism spectrum disorder; base; boys; brain dysfunction; cingulate cortex; cognitive control; cognitive neuroscience; cognitive process; computational neuroscience; computer framework; expectation; girls; improved; inattention; innovation; insight; novel; psychologic; response; social

Project Summary Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, with prevalence rates ranging from 5-10% globally. With rising diagnosis rates in the last two decades, childhood ADHD has become a significant social and financial burden to affected individuals, families, and society at large. ADHD is characterized by impairments in cognitive control, with adverse life-long consequences for academic and social functioning. Cognitive control requires dynamic engagement of proactive and reactive control processes, and aberrancies in these processes underlie behavioral deficits, including elevated response variability and slow stopping speed. A related line of research suggests that rewards may increase stopping speed and reduce response variability in ADHD, with some individuals even reaching similar performance as typically developing children (TDC). However, the cognitive and brain mechanisms underlying proactive and reactive control, their modulation by reward and relation to clinical symptoms in ADHD are unknown. Here we develop an innovative multi-componential cognitive, neuroscience, and computational framework to address this gap and advance fundamental understanding of dysfunctional brain circuits linking cognitive control and reward systems in children with ADHD. Recent progress in cognitive and computational neuroscience has demonstrated that cognitive control relies on dynamic brain states characterized by dynamic interactions in functional brain circuits. The proposed studies will rigorously test theoretical cognitive and neuroscience models of ADHD by examining reward modulation of proactive and reactive control as well as dynamic brain circuits involving cognitive control, default mode and reward systems in children with ADHD. We will integrate multiple high-impact lines of our ongoing research on cognitive control, children with ADHD, and brain circuit dynamics. Importantly, we will leverage multiple novel computational models to uncover dynamics of cognitive and brain processes. The proposed studies will: (1) investigate how reward modulates proactive and reactive control in children with ADHD, (2) determine how aberrations in reward modulation of proactive and reactive control are related to core clinical symptoms, (3) characterize dynamic brain circuits underlying reward modulation of proactive and reactive control in children with ADHD, (4) determine how reward modulation of dynamic brain circuits involving cognitive control and reward systems are related to core symptoms, (5) identify multivariate cognitive and neurobiological features for classification of childhood ADHD and prediction of core clinical symptoms of ADHD. The proposed studies will facilitate a deeper understanding of cognitive and brain mechanisms underlying reward modulation of cognitive control, which will facilitate developing more effective and precise intervention for childhood ADHD in the future. Our cognitive, neuroscience and computational framework developed here can be widely applied to study many psychiatric disorders that manifest similar cognitive deficits, such as schizophrenia and autism.

项目摘要 注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是最常见的神经发育障碍之一，有 全球的患病率范围从5-10％。在过去的二十年中，诊断率上升，童年 多动症已成为受影响个人，家庭和社会的重大社会和经济负担 大的。多动症的特征是认知控制障碍，对终身不利的后果 学术和社会功能。认知控制需要主动和反应性的动态参与 控制过程和这些过程中的劣质是行为缺陷的基础，包括升高 响应变异性和缓慢的停止速度。一项相关的研究表明，奖励可能会增加 停止速度并降低多动症的响应变异性，有些人甚至达到相似 表现通常是发展的儿童（TDC）。但是，认知和大脑机制 主动和反应性控制，它们通过奖励和与多动症的临床症状有关的调节是 未知。在这里，我们开发了一种创新的多元素认知，神经科学和 计算框架以解决这一差距并提高对大脑功能失调的基本了解 连接多动症儿童的认知控制和奖励系统的电路。认知和 计算神经科学表明，认知控制依赖于动态大脑状态 以功能性脑电路中的动态相互作用为特征。拟议的研究将严格测试 通过检查积极主动和主动的奖励调制，多动症的理论认知和神经科学模型 反应性控制以及涉及认知控制，默认模式和奖励系统的动态大脑电路 在患有多动症的孩子中。我们将整合正在进行的认知研究的多个高影响线 控制，ADHD儿童和脑电路动力学。重要的是，我们将利用多本小说 揭示认知和大脑过程动态的计算模型。拟议的研究将：（1） 调查奖励如何调节多动症儿童的主动和反应性控制，（2）确定如何 主动和反应性控制的奖励调节中的畸变与核心临床症状有关，（3） 表征儿童主动和反应性控制的奖励调制的动态大脑电路 使用多动症，（4）确定如何对涉及认知控制和的动态大脑电路调节 奖励系统与核心症状有关，（5）确定多元认知和神经生物学特征 用于分类儿童多动症和多动症的核心临床症状的预测。提出的研究 将有助于对认知和大脑机制的更深入了解奖励调制的基础 认知控制将有助于开发更有效，更精确的儿童多动症干预措施 未来。我们在此开发的认知，神经科学和计算框架可以广泛应用于 研究许多表现出类似认知缺陷的精神疾病，例如精神分裂症和自闭症。