The influence of food insecurity on reward neurobiology in children

食品不安全对儿童奖赏神经生物学的影响

基本信息

批准号：
10287136
负责人：
Emma Jane Rose
金额：
$ 23.73万
依托单位：
PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-09-01 至 2023-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10287136
关键词：
10 year old Acute Address Adolescence Adolescent Adult Animal Model Animals Area Brain Brain region Candy Categories Child Childhood Chronic Communities Complex Corpus striatum structure Data Analyses Decision Making Development Diet Disease Equation Exhibits Family Fasting Feeling Food Food Processing Food deprivation (experimental)Foundations Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Future Household Hunger Image Individual Life Link Logistics Longitudinal Studies Measures Medial Mediating Mediation Modeling Nature Neural Pathways Neurobiology Neurocognitive Outcome Outcome Study Participant Pathway interactions Pharmaceutical Preparations Prefrontal Cortex Prevention strategy Process Puberty Regression Analysis Rewards Risk Risk Factors Rural Rural Community Scanning Secure Series Socioeconomic Status Stress Structure Substance Use Disorder Time United States Work Youth adolescent substance use behavioral outcome cohort craving deprivation early onset substance use experience food insecurity food security high risk high risk behavior human model indexing innovation low socioeconomic status multilevel analysis novel nutrition peer power analysis preadolescence prevent primary outcome recruit relating to nervous system reward processing rural area rural counties rural families rural underserved substance use substance use prevention suburb

项目摘要

Project Summary Food insecurity (FI) – i.e., the “lack of consistent access to enough food for an active and healthy life” - is a relatively common type of adversity in the United States and one which disproportionately impacts families in rural counties (e.g., ~17% of rural families experience FI, compared to ~10% of all US families). FI is associated with an increased risk for substance use (SU) in adults and adolescence and SU risk is also generally greater for adolescents in rural areas, compared to their urban and suburban peers. While a causal link between FI and SUD liability has not been established, prior work supports the postulation that the experience of FI might increase the risk for SU via an impact on the neural substrates of reward processing. For example, of the key components of FI (i.e., acute and repeated food deprivation and associated hunger, stress, and poor nutrition), stress and poor nutrition have been shown to influence SU-relevant neurodevelopmental trajectories, while food deprivation in children impacts neural processing for food rewards. Furthermore, in adult humans and animal models, food deprivation increases reward sensitivity and risky decision-making for primary and secondary rewards and increases drug-seeking and craving via functional alterations in reward network areas in the brain (i.e., mesocorticolimbic regions). To more fully understand how food deprivation in the context of FI might influence reward processes, this developmental study will examine whether states of acute food deprivation that are sufficient to cause subjective feelings of hunger enhance sensitivity for food and non-food rewards and increase risky decision-making (Aim 1). Moreover, we will consider how associations between food deprivation and the neural substrates of reward processing are impacted by FI (Aim 2) and whether FI mediates the associations between related factors (e.g., SES) and reward processes (Aim 3) To address these aims, children (8-10 years old) from food secure (N=30) and insecure (N=30) households in rural PA will undergo a counter-balanced, repeated measures fMRI paradigm, once while food deprived (i.e., fasted) and once after a meal sufficient to satiate them (i.e., fed). We will focus on children in order to minimize the impact of aspects of adolescence that might also influence these processes and confound our results (e.g., SU, puberty). During fMRI participants will complete 2 versions of a reward task in which they will make reward-related decisions (i.e., placing a bet of varying magnitude) for food (i.e., candy) and non-food (i.e., money) rewards Data analyses will model the impacts of food deprivation (fasted/fed; Aim 1) and food security status (secure/insecure; Aim 2) on reward neurobiology. Mediation analysis will consider the relative contributions of FI vs. SES (Aim 3) and exploratory analysis will consider potential moderators of FI-related effects (i.e., stress, nutrition, chronicity of FI; Aim 4). By considering whether food deprivation in the context of FI drives functional alterations in reward processes, this exploratory R21 study will constitute a critical first step in identifying pathways by which FI drives SU-liability.

项目摘要粮食不安全（FI） - 即“缺乏一致地获得足够的食物来实现活跃健康的生活” - 是一个在美国，相关的常见广告类型，并且对家庭的影响不成比例农村县（例如，约有17％的农村家庭经历了FI，而美国所有家庭中有约10％）。 fi是与成人和青少年和SU风险的药物使用风险增加有关的风险也是如此与城市和郊区的同龄人相比，粗糙地区的青少年通常更大。而因果关系 FI与SUD责任之间的联系尚未建立，先前的工作支持以下假设。 FI的经验可能会通过影响奖励处理的神经底物来增加SU的风险。例如，FI的关键组成部分（即急性和重复的食物剥夺以及相关的饥饿，压力和营养不良），压力和营养不良已被证明会影响与SU相关的神经发育轨迹，而儿童的食物剥夺会影响食物奖励的神经化学因素。此外，在成年人和动物模型中，食物剥夺增加了奖励敏感性和风险初级和次要奖励的决策，并通过功能增加毒品和渴望大脑中奖励网络区域的变化（即中皮层区域）。更充分了解如何在FI背景下的食物剥夺可能会影响奖励过程，这项发展研究将研究急性食物剥夺状态是否足以引起主观的饥饿感对食物和非食品奖励的敏感性并增加了风险的决策（AIM 1）。而且，我们会的考虑食物剥夺与奖励处理神经基板之间的关联是如何的受FI的影响（AIM 2）以及FI是否介导了相关因素（例如SES）和奖励流程（目标3）以解决这些目标，食物安全（n = 30）的儿童（8-10岁）和不安全的（n = 30）家庭中的家庭将经历一个反平衡的，重复的措施fMRI范式，一次被剥夺的食物（即禁食），一顿饭后一次足以满足食物（即喂养）。我们将集中精力关于儿童，以最大程度地减少青少年各个方面的影响，这也可能影响这些过程并混淆我们的结果（例如SU，青春期）。在fMRI期间，参与者将完成2个版本他们将做出与奖励相关的决定（即放置不同幅度的赌注）的奖励任务（即糖果）和非食品（即金钱）奖励数据分析将建模食物剥夺的影响（禁食/美联储；目标1）和粮食安全状况（安全/不安全；目标2）奖励神经生物学。调解分析将考虑FI与SES的相对贡献（AIM 3），探索性分析将考虑与FI相关效应的潜在调节剂（即压力，营养，FI的慢性； AIM 4）。通过考虑是否在FI的背景下，食物剥夺驱动奖励过程中的功能变化，此探索性R21 研究将构成识别FI驱动SU责任的途径的关键第一步。