The influence of food insecurity on reward neurobiology in children

食品不安全对儿童奖赏神经生物学的影响

基本信息

批准号：
10287136
负责人：
Emma Jane Rose
金额：
$ 23.73万
依托单位：
PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-09-01 至 2023-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10287136
关键词：
10 year old Acute Address Adolescence Adolescent Adult Animal Model Animals Area Brain Brain region Candy Categories Child Childhood Chronic Communities Complex Corpus striatum structure Data Analyses Decision Making Development Diet Disease Equation Exhibits Family Fasting Feeling Food Food Processing Food deprivation (experimental)Foundations Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Future Household Hunger Image Individual Life Link Logistics Longitudinal Studies Measures Medial Mediating Mediation Modeling Nature Neural Pathways Neurobiology Neurocognitive Outcome Outcome Study Participant Pathway interactions Pharmaceutical Preparations Prefrontal Cortex Prevention strategy Process Puberty Regression Analysis Rewards Risk Risk Factors Rural Rural Community Scanning Secure Series Socioeconomic Status Stress Structure Substance Use Disorder Time United States Work Youth adolescent substance use behavioral outcome cohort craving deprivation early onset substance use experience food insecurity food security high risk high risk behavior human model indexing innovation low socioeconomic status multilevel analysis novel nutrition peer power analysis preadolescence prevent primary outcome recruit relating to nervous system reward processing rural area rural counties rural families rural underserved substance use substance use prevention suburb

项目摘要

Project Summary Food insecurity (FI) – i.e., the “lack of consistent access to enough food for an active and healthy life” - is a relatively common type of adversity in the United States and one which disproportionately impacts families in rural counties (e.g., ~17% of rural families experience FI, compared to ~10% of all US families). FI is associated with an increased risk for substance use (SU) in adults and adolescence and SU risk is also generally greater for adolescents in rural areas, compared to their urban and suburban peers. While a causal link between FI and SUD liability has not been established, prior work supports the postulation that the experience of FI might increase the risk for SU via an impact on the neural substrates of reward processing. For example, of the key components of FI (i.e., acute and repeated food deprivation and associated hunger, stress, and poor nutrition), stress and poor nutrition have been shown to influence SU-relevant neurodevelopmental trajectories, while food deprivation in children impacts neural processing for food rewards. Furthermore, in adult humans and animal models, food deprivation increases reward sensitivity and risky decision-making for primary and secondary rewards and increases drug-seeking and craving via functional alterations in reward network areas in the brain (i.e., mesocorticolimbic regions). To more fully understand how food deprivation in the context of FI might influence reward processes, this developmental study will examine whether states of acute food deprivation that are sufficient to cause subjective feelings of hunger enhance sensitivity for food and non-food rewards and increase risky decision-making (Aim 1). Moreover, we will consider how associations between food deprivation and the neural substrates of reward processing are impacted by FI (Aim 2) and whether FI mediates the associations between related factors (e.g., SES) and reward processes (Aim 3) To address these aims, children (8-10 years old) from food secure (N=30) and insecure (N=30) households in rural PA will undergo a counter-balanced, repeated measures fMRI paradigm, once while food deprived (i.e., fasted) and once after a meal sufficient to satiate them (i.e., fed). We will focus on children in order to minimize the impact of aspects of adolescence that might also influence these processes and confound our results (e.g., SU, puberty). During fMRI participants will complete 2 versions of a reward task in which they will make reward-related decisions (i.e., placing a bet of varying magnitude) for food (i.e., candy) and non-food (i.e., money) rewards Data analyses will model the impacts of food deprivation (fasted/fed; Aim 1) and food security status (secure/insecure; Aim 2) on reward neurobiology. Mediation analysis will consider the relative contributions of FI vs. SES (Aim 3) and exploratory analysis will consider potential moderators of FI-related effects (i.e., stress, nutrition, chronicity of FI; Aim 4). By considering whether food deprivation in the context of FI drives functional alterations in reward processes, this exploratory R21 study will constitute a critical first step in identifying pathways by which FI drives SU-liability.

项目概要粮食不安全（FI）——即“无法持续获得足够的食物来维持积极和健康的生活”——是一个在美国，这是一种相对常见的逆境，对美国家庭的影响尤为严重。农村县（例如，约 17% 的农村家庭经历过 FI，而美国所有家庭的约 10% 经历过 FI）。与成人和青少年物质使用 (SU) 风险增加相关，SU 风险也与与城市和郊区的同龄人相比，农村地区的青少年通常更大。 FI 和 SUD 责任之间的联系尚未建立，之前的工作支持以下假设： FI 的经历可能会通过影响奖励处理的神经基质来增加 SU 的风险。例如，FI 的关键组成部分（即严重和反复的食物匮乏以及相关的饥饿，压力和营养不良），压力和营养不良已被证明会影响 SU 相关性神经发育轨迹，而儿童食物匮乏会影响食物奖励的神经处理。此外，在成年人和动物模型中，食物匮乏会增加奖励敏感性和风险主要和次要奖励的决策，并通过功能性增加药物寻求和渴望大脑奖励网络区域（即中皮质边缘区域）的改变，以更全面地了解如何改变。 FI 背景下的食物匮乏可能会影响奖励过程，这项发展研究将探讨足以引起主观饥饿感的严重食物匮乏状态是否会增强食品和非食品奖励的敏感性并增加风险决策（目标 1）。考虑食物匮乏与奖励处理的神经基质之间的关联受 FI 影响（目标 2）以及 FI 是否介导相关因素（例如 SES）和奖励流程（目标 3）为了实现这些目标，儿童（8-10 岁）必须获得粮食安全（N=30）和宾夕法尼亚州农村地区不安全的（N = 30）家庭将接受平衡的、重复测量的功能磁共振成像范式，一次是在禁食时（即禁食），一次是在足以让他们饱腹的饭后（即进食）。对儿童的影响，以尽量减少青春期可能影响这些方面的影响过程并混淆我们的结果（例如，SU、青春期），参与者将完成 2 个版本的 fMRI。奖励任务，其中他们将对食物做出与奖励相关的决定（即下不同大小的赌注）（即糖果）和非食物（即金钱）奖励数据分析将模拟食物匮乏的影响（禁食/进食；目标 1）和食品安全状况（安全/不安全；目标 2）对奖励神经生物学的影响。分析将考虑 FI 与 SES 的相对贡献（目标 3），探索性分析将考虑 FI 相关影响的潜在调节因素（即压力、营养、FI 的长期性；目标 4）。 FI 背景下的食物匮乏驱动了奖励过程的功能改变，这个探索性的 R21 研究将构成确定金融机构驱动SU负债途径的关键的第一步。