Optimizing Safety and Functionality in the Visually Impaired

优化视障人士的安全性和功能

• 批准号: 10226120
• 负责人: Pradeep Yammanuru Ramulu
• 金额: $ 47.97万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-04-01 至 2025-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10226120
• 关键词: Accelerometer; Accounting; Admission activity; Adult; Affect; Age; Age related macular degeneration; Assessment tool; Calendar; Caregiver Burden; Clinical Trials; Data; Defect; Development; Elderly; Environment; Environmental Hazards; Evaluation; Fall prevention; Floor; Future; Glaucoma; Guidelines; Home; Home environment; Impairment; Independent Living; Individual; Injury; Intelligence; Lead; Lighting; Link; Location; Measures; Medical Care Costs; Methods; Modeling; Modification; Motor; National Eye Institute; Nursing Homes; Performance; Persons; Physical activity; Positioning Attribute; Quality of life; Questionnaires; Research; Risk; Safety; Severities; System; Task Performances; Text; Vision; Visual impairment; Work; cohort; design; disability; effectiveness evaluation; fall risk; falls; follow-up; hazard; improved; injury-related death; innovation; instrumental activity of daily living; mortality; novel; novel strategies; preference; preservation; programs; prospective; randomized trial; trial design

PROJECT SUMMARY Disability results when the demands of a task, in the environment where a task is performed, exceed the ability of the individual. However, little is known about the environmental features which might best allow persons with visual impairment, particularly those with irreversible conditions such as glaucoma or age-related macular degeneration, to perform important tasks enabling independence (i.e. instrumental activities of daily living), and to remain safe within their homes (i.e. by avoiding falls). In Aim 1 of this proposal, we will investigate the importance of visual impairment to home functionality, as judged by objectively-evaluated in-home task performance. During in-home task performance, we will look for specific environmental impediments (lighting, contrast, text size, clutter, need for fine motor manipulation) associated with performance, allowing us to directly link environmental impediments to functionality. In Aim 2 of this proposal, we will investigate the importance of visual impairment to rates of falls at home. Also, we will identify specific home hazard types which increase the risk of falls in a novel approach which matches the in-home location of falls, how much physical activity (steps) occurs in each region of the home (defined through integration of accelerometer and IPS data), and the number and type of hazards in each in-home region (defined through a home assessment). Unlike prior research, the current proposal will assign risk to home hazards only with regards to falls occurring near the hazard, and only proportional to the number of steps taken in the vicinity of the hazard (judged by integrated IPS and accelerometer data), an approach which is hypothesized to successfully identify hazards relevant to in-home falls in persons with visual impairment. By identifying home features associated with greater home functionality and safety, the proposal will further the National Eye Institute’s commitment to research which “improves quality of life for people of all ages”.

项目概要 当执行任务的环境中的任务要求超出能力时，就会导致残疾 然而，对于最适合个人的环境特征知之甚少。 视力障碍，特别是患有青光眼或年龄相关性黄斑等不可逆转疾病的视力障碍 退化，执行重要任务以实现独立（即日常生活的工具性活动），以及 确保在家中保持安全（即避免跌倒）。在本提案的目标 1 中，我们将调查以下情况： 通过客观评估的家庭任务来判断视力障碍对家庭功能的重要性 在家庭任务执行过程中，我们将寻找特定的环境障碍（照明、 对比度、文本大小、混乱、精细运动操作的需要）与性能相关，使我们能够 将环境障碍与功能直接联系起来 在本提案的目标 2 中，我们将调查 视力障碍对家庭跌倒率的重要性 此外，我们将确定特定的家庭危险类型。 与家中跌倒位置相匹配的新颖方法会增加跌倒的风险，有多少 身体活动（步数）发生在家庭的每个区域（通过加速度计和加速度计的集成来定义） IPS 数据），以及每个家庭区域的危险数量和类型（通过家庭评估定义）。 与之前的研究不同，当前的提案将仅将发生跌倒的家庭危险分配给风险 靠近危险，并且仅与在危险附近采取的步数成正比（由下式判断） 集成 IPS 和加速度计数据），这是一种成功识别危险的方法 通过识别与视力障碍者在家中跌倒相关的特征。 更好的家庭功能和安全性，该提案将进一步推动国家眼科研究所的承诺 “改善所有年龄段人们的生活质量”的研究。