Cellular mechanisms of endosymbiont transmission between host generations

宿主世代之间内共生体传播的细胞机制

基本信息

批准号：
10208909
负责人：
Shelbi Lianne Russell
金额：
$ 8.62万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-07-02 至 2022-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10208909
关键词：
Agriculture Antibodies Arthropods Award Bacteria Bioinformatics Biological Models Biology Candidate Disease Gene Carbon Career Transition Award Cell Culture System Cell Line Cell physiology Cells Cellular biology Chloroplasts Communities Complex Conflict (Psychology)Data Set Development Diet Disease Vectors Doctor of Philosophy Dominant-Negative Mutation Drosophila genus Drosophila melanogaster Ecosystem Ensure Environment Epidemic Equilibrium Eukaryota Evolution Exhibits Funding Future Generations Genes Genome Genomics Horizontal Disease Transmission Human In Vitro Individual Infection Inherited Insecta Intuition Kinesin Label Learning Life Style Light Mediating Medicine Methodology Methods Microtubules Mitochondria Modeling Molecular Molecular Biology Motor National Institute of General Medical Sciences Nature Nematoda Nitrogen Oogenesis Organelles Organism Outcome Parents Pathogenicity Pathway interactions Phase Plants Process Proteins Recording of previous events Reproduction Research Resistance Resources Source Structure Symbiosis System Techniques Testing Time United States National Institutes of Health Vent Vertical Disease Transmission Western Blotting Wolbachia Work X-Ray Crystallography base career cell motility endosymbiont feeding fly in vivo insight knock-down microbial mutualism novel pathogen skills symbiont tool trait transmission process vector control

项目摘要

Shelbi L Russell Project Summary Bacterial symbionts are ubiquitous among eukaryotes and are responsible for some of the most radical lifestyles in the natural world. For example, microbial symbiosis enables hydrothermal vent ecosystems to subsist on inorganic energy and carbon sources and plant-feeding insect communities to thrive on nitrogen-deficient diets. Often living with one partner inside the other, these associations require complex cellular mechanisms to ensure that conflict does not arise between host and symbiont. Reliable transmission mechanisms to reach new hosts are vital to stabilizing associations over evolutionary time. However, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes because the majority of endosymbionts are unculturable, and often the hosts are as well. Here, I propose to use Drosophila fruit flies and their Wolbachia endosymbionts as models for understanding host-symbiont interactions and the molecular mechanisms mediating symbiont transmission. Wolbachia is one of the most abundant intracellular symbionts in nature by virtue of its ability to associate with the host germline and manipulate host reproduction for vertical transmission. It is also occasionally beneficial to its hosts by promoting pathogen resistance and performing necessary cellular tasks. These traits make this bacterium useful for applications in disease vector control. While Wolbachia i s faithfully inherited through the germline in all associations examined to date, horizontal transmission between contemporary hosts, of the same and different species, is common throughout their evolutionary history and can be recapitulated in the lab. During the K99 funding period, I will use the D. melanogaster-Wolbachia system to characterize and identify the genes/pathways necessary for endosymbiont transmission within and between cells. This will be accomplished in two aims: In Aim 1, I will use Wolbachia-infected Drosophila c ell lines to explore the functional mechanisms and evolutionary outcomes of mixed strain infections. In Aim 2, I will characterize the symbiont and host linker proteins Wolbachia uses for KHC-dependent microtubule-based motility. I will use the results of this work during the R00 phase to explore how intracellular and cell-to-cell transfer mechanisms integrate in the whole fly for vertical transmission through the germline and horizontal transmission between host individuals. Thus, this work will provide mechanistic insight into the transmission strategies employed by endosymbionts around the world.

Shelbi L Russell 项目摘要细菌符号在真核生物中无处不在，并且是最多的。自然世界中的激进生活方式。例如，微生物共生能够启用热液排气生态系统以生存无机能源和碳源和植物喂养昆虫社区以缺乏氮的饮食壮成长。经常与另一个伴侣一起生活，这些关联需要复杂的蜂窝机制，以确保不出现冲突在主机和符号之间。到达新主机的可靠传输机制对于在进化时间稳定关联。但是，关于分子知之甚少这些过程的基础机制，因为大多数内共生体是不可耕种，通常也是主人。在这里，我建议使用果蝇果蝇和他们的Wolbachia内共生体作为理解宿主 - 伴侣相互作用的模型和分子机制介导symbolt传播。沃尔巴基亚是最多的丰富的细胞内符号在自然界与宿主的联系能力种系和操纵宿主繁殖以进行垂直传播。偶尔也是通过促进病原体耐药性和执行必要的细胞来对其宿主有益任务。这些特征使该细菌可用于疾病媒介控制中的应用。尽管沃尔巴奇（Wolbachia 相同物种和不同物种之间的当代寄主之间的水平传播是在整个进化史中常见，可以在实验室中概括。在 K99资金期，我将使用D. Melanogaster-Wolbachia系统来表征和确定细胞内部和细胞之间内共生传播所需的基因/途径。这将在两个目标中实现：在AIM 1中，我将使用Wolbachia感染的果蝇C ELL 线以探索混合应变的功能机制和进化结果在AIM 2中，我将表征象征意义和主机接头蛋白Wolbachia用途基于KHC依赖的微管运动。我将在R00期间使用这项工作的结果阶段探索细胞内和细胞向细胞向细胞转移机制如何整体整合用于通过种系的垂直传输和宿主之间的水平传播个人。这项工作将提供有关传输策略的机械洞察力由世界各地的内共生菌雇用。