Neural mechanisms of protective effects of early nutrition on the development of social-emotional difficulties among children in Ghana

早期营养对加纳儿童社交情感困难发展的保护作用的神经机制

• 批准号: 10202686
• 负责人: Seth Adu-Afarwuah
• 金额: $ 54.45万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-04 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10202686
• 关键词: 2 year old; Adolescent; Adult; Africa; Age; Anisotropy; Area; Autonomic nervous system; Behavior; Behavior assessment; Behavioral; Biology; Birth; Brain; Buffers; Caregivers; Child; Child Development; Child Nutrition; Child Support; Childhood; Colombia; Competence; Conceptions; Control Groups; Corpus Callosum; Depressed mood; Depressive disorder; Development; Dietary Intervention; Diffuse; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Disadvantaged; Discipline; Doctor of Philosophy; Effectiveness; Electrocardiogram; Emotional; Emotions; Environment; Essential Fatty Acids; Evidence based program; Family Relationship; Follow-Up Studies; Foundations; Ghana; Goals; Guatemala; Health Policy; Healthcare Systems; Home environment; Impedance Cardiography; Infant; Information Systems; Intake; Investments; Iron; Latin America; Life; Lipids; Long-Term Effects; Longterm Follow-up; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Malnutrition; Measures; Mediating; Mental Health; Mental Health Services; Micronutrients; Mood Disorders; Mothers; Nutrient; Nutritional; Outcome; Parents; Pattern; Policies; Postpartum Period; Predisposition; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Prevention strategy; Problem behavior; Procedures; Property; Puberty; Publishing; Radial; Randomized; Randomized Controlled Trials; Regulation; Research; Research Design; Research Methodology; Research Personnel; Risk; Sampling; School-Age Population; Schools; Social Development; Structure; Supplementation; Testing; Time; Training; Universities; Well in self; Workplace; World Health Organization; Youth; base; capsule; cognitive control; control trial; doctoral student; early adolescence; emotion regulation; emotional functioning; evidence base; experience; group intervention; high risk; infancy; low and middle-income countries; mental health organization; mother nutrition; myelination; nervous system development; neurobehavioral; neurodevelopment; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; next generation; nutrition; nutritional supplementation; peer; prenatal; programs; protective effect; randomized controlled design; randomized trial; relating to nervous system; skills; social; social disadvantage; student training; success; white matter

Project Summary An estimated 250 million children in low- and middle-income countries are at risk of not fulfilling their developmental potential, partly due to undernutrition. The long-term goal of this proposal is to inform evidence- based programs and policies to support children in Ghana and other low- and middle-income countries to grow and develop to their full potential. This proposal is to conduct a follow-up study of children at age 8-12 years whose mothers participated in a randomized control trial providing lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) to pregnant women from ≤ 20 weeks of gestation through 6 months postpartum and to their children from age 6 to 18 months (n = 440), comparing outcomes to control groups who received maternal micronutrient capsules during pregnancy and postpartum (n = 880). The objective is to examine the long-term effect of early nutrition on brain and nervous system development, while strengthening the research environment and capacity at the University of Ghana to conduct neurobehavioral and neuroimaging research. The specific aims are 1) To investigate the effect of LNS on social-emotional development at school age and in the context of children's home environments and 2) to investigate the potential neural mechanisms through which LNS buffers the effects of a disadvantaged environment on children's development of social-emotional difficulties. The hypotheses are that 1) children in the LNS group will have fewer social-emotional and behavioral problems, compared to children who did not receive LNS, 2) greater effects of LNS will be found in children from more disadvantaged home environments, and 3) intervention group differences in autonomic nervous system regulation and white matter integrity measured by diffusion tensor imaging will mediate group differences in social-emotional development. The rationale is based on the previous finding that children in the LNS group had fewer social-emotional difficulties at age 4-6 years, with greater effects of LNS in children from disadvantaged home environments, suggesting that early supplementation buffered the effect of a disadvantaged environment on the development of social-emotional difficulties in this sample, in which a high percentage of children had a social-emotional difficulties score in the abnormally high range. Nutrients contained in LNS, such as iron and essential fatty acids, are necessary for myelination of brain areas involved in social-emotional regulation and processing, which occurs rapidly during pregnancy and the first two years after birth. This study will be the first long-term follow-up study in Africa of a randomized trial of both pre-natal and post-natal nutritional supplementation covering most of the first 1000 days from conception to age two years, adding to evidence from only two other such studies, both conducted in Latin America (Guatemala and Colombia) in the 1970s. This study represents an unprecedented opportunity to examine the long-term effects of supplementation with both macro- and micro-nutrients during most of the first 1000 days using a randomized controlled design, and the underlying neural mechanisms of the effects of early nutrition on later behavior.

项目摘要 估计低收入和中等收入国家的2.5亿儿童有没有履行其的风险 发展潜力，部分是由于营养不足所致。该提案的长期目标是为证据提供信息 - 基于计划和政策，以支持加纳和其他低收入国家的儿童成长 并发挥其全部潜力。该建议是对8-12岁儿童进行后续研究 他的母亲参加了一项随机对照试验，该试验提供基于脂质的营养补充剂（LNS） 从≤20周的妊娠到产后6个月的孕妇，从6岁到孩子 18个月（n = 440），将结果与接受母体微量营养素胶囊的对照组进行比较 在怀孕和产后（n = 880）。目的是检查早期营养的长期影响 关于大脑和神经系统的发展，同时增强了研究环境和能力 加纳大学进行神经行为和神经影像学研究。具体目的是1） 调查LNS对学院时代和儿童的社会情感发展的影响 家庭环境和2）研究LNS缓冲的潜在神经机制 环境受到干扰的影响儿童发展社会情感困难。这 假设是1）LNS组中的儿童的社会情感和行为问题将更少， 与未收到LN的孩子相比，2）在更多的儿童中发现LN的影响更大 弱势家庭环境和3）自主神经系统的干预组差异 通过扩散张量成像衡量的调节和白质完整性将介导群体差异 社会情感发展。理由是基于以前的发现LNS组中的儿童 4-6岁的社会情感困难较少，LNS对儿童的影响更大 处境不利的家庭环境，表明早期补充剂缓冲了 在这个样本中，在社会情感困难发展的弱势环境中，其中很高 儿童的百分比在绝对高范围内具有社会情感困难得分。营养 在LN中包含的LN，例如铁和必需脂肪酸，对于涉及大脑区域的髓鞘是必需的 在社会情感调节和加工中，在怀孕期间迅速发生 出生后。这项研究将是非洲的首次长期随访研究 以及产后营养补充，涵盖了从概念到两个年龄的最初1000天的大部分时间 几年，仅在拉丁美洲（危地马拉和 哥伦比亚）在1970年代。这项研究代表了检查长期影响的前所未有的机会 在最初的1000天的大部分时间中，使用随机的 受控设计以及早期营养对后期行为的影响的基本神经机制。