Project 4: Biophysics of Mtb droplets and fluid spray technology to elucidate Mtb transmission

项目 4：结核分枝杆菌飞沫生物物理学和液体喷雾技术，以阐明结核分枝杆菌传播

• 批准号: 10190652
• 负责人: Lydia Bourouiba
• 金额: $ 46.48万
• 依托单位: WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-05-13 至 2026-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10190652
• 关键词: Address; Aerobic; Aerosols; Air; Animal Model; Animals; BCG Live; Back; Behavior; Biology; Biophysics; Carbon Dioxide; Collaborations; Communicable Diseases; Controlled Study; Coughing; Desiccation; Development; Dose; Encapsulated; Environment; Evolution; Exercise; Experimental Animal Model; Fluids and Secretions; Formulation; Generations; Genes; Genus Mycobacterium; Humidity; Hydration status; In Vitro; Inhalation; Intervention; Knowledge; Light; Liquid substance; Lung diseases; Mathematics; Metabolic Pathway; Microbiology; Modeling; Mycobacterium bovis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Organism; Persons; Physics; Physiological; Physiology; Property; Rehydrations; Resolution; Respiration; Rest; Rheology; Shapes; Sneezing; Solid; Surface Tension; Suspensions; Technology; Temperature; Testing; Tuberculosis; Vaccines; Variant; Work; disease transmission; evaporation; experimental study; improved; insight; interfacial; mutant; mycobacterial; new technology; novel; phase change; physical process; physical property; respiratory; transmission process; viscoelasticity

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), kills more people than any other infectious disease each year. This is due, in large part, to its ability to spread from person to person through air with an estimated infectious dose as low as one organism. Knowledge of the specific physico-chemical conditions associated with Mtb's successful transmission through air from one host to another however remains surprisingly incomplete. This project proposes to use applied mathematics, rheology, interfacial physics, and novel fluid dynamics and droplet biophysics technologies to fill critical gaps in knowledge about the in-host and between-host microenvironment of respirable droplets that can transmit Mtb. Knowledge of such properties represents a conceptually powerful window into microbiological determinants of tuberculosis (TB) transmission and novel transmission blocking interventions. These studies thus not only promise to shed light on the fundamental environmental challenges faced by Mtb during its journey from one host to others, but, in collaboration with other projects and cores in this application, will also enable the development of new and sorely needed technologies for improved in vitro and animal models with which to enable experimental studies of TB transmission and novel transmission blocking interventions.

抽象的 结核分枝杆菌（MTB），结核病的病因（TB），杀死的人比任何其他人都多 每年传染病。这在很大程度上是由于它能够通过空中传播到人到人的能力 估计的感染剂量低于一种生物体。了解特定物理化学的知识 与MTB成功通过空气从一个主机传播到另一个主机相关的条件 令人惊讶的是不完整。该项目建议使用应用数学，流变学，界面 物理学以及新型的流体动力学和液滴生物物理技术，以填补有关知识的关键空白 可传播MTB的可呼吸液滴的宿主和主宿主微环境。知识 这样的特性代表了结核病微生物学决定因素的概念强大的窗口 （TB）传输和新型传输阻塞干预措施。因此，这些研究不仅有望脱落 关于MTB从一个主人到其他人的旅程中面临的基本环境挑战的阐明，但是， 在本应用程序中与其他项目和核心合作，还将使新的和 非常需要的技术，用于改善体外和动物模型，以实验研究 结核病传输和新型传输阻塞干预措施。