Control and Prevention of Zoonotic Epidemics in Cities: A Socio-Spatial Approach

城市人畜共患流行病的控制和预防：社会空间方法

基本信息

批准号：
10180891
负责人：
Ricardo Castillo Neyra
金额：
$ 13.08万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-06-01 至 2024-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10180891
关键词：
Affect Algorithms Animals Area Behavior Biological Models Canis familiaris Cities Communities Complex Data Disease Domestic Animals Ecology Environment Epidemic Failure Focus Groups Geography Health Health Services Health behavior Heterogeneity Human Individual Interview Latin America Location Logistic Regressions Logistics Mass Vaccinations Mathematics Measures Methodology Methods Modeling Movement Peru Population Population Density Population Dynamics Population Heterogeneity Prevention Public Health RNA Interference Rabies Rabies Vaccines Rabies virus Research Risk Role Rural Rural Community Seasonal Variations Statistical Models Surveys Testing United States Public Health Service Urban Population Urbanization Vaccinated Vaccination Vaccines Variant Work Zoonoses design disorder control experience experimental study feasibility testing health service use infection risk innovation interdisciplinary approach mathematical algorithm mathematical model member migration multidisciplinary novel strategies pathogen prevent programs social social determinants social factors transmission process uptake urban area urban setting vaccine acceptance viral transmission

项目摘要

Project Summary Zoonotic diseases present unique challenges for public health due to the complex interactions between humans, animals, pathogens, and the environment. Urbanization, migration, and the urban landscape add additional layers of complexity to these interactions, and the control and prevention of zoonotic pathogens requires innovative multidisciplinary methodological approaches that take into account social, spatial and population dynamics in urban areas. Epidemics of zoonotic pathogens are ongoing in major urban centers across Latin America and worldwide, and among them, the city of Arequipa, Peru is in the midst of a canine rabies epidemic. The drivers of this epidemic work at many levels: Individual- and community-level factors, including social determinants, may explain the currently low vaccination rate of domestic animals against rabies. Urban geography can also affect participation in zoonotic disease control programs, facilitating the emergence of canine rabies and complicating its control. Free-roaming owned and stray dogs with their unique ecology and population dynamics could also impact the results of control activities. In this proposal I will develop a new approach for the control and prevention of zoonotic disease in cities that integrates mathematical and social approaches, using rabies as a model zoonotic disease strongly determined by urban dynamics. Following the urban re-emergence after 15 years, the Ministry of Health has failed to quell the rabies epidemic in Arequipa's complex urban environment. I hypothesize that the failure is due primarily to three factors: 1) Poorly understood determinants of canine vaccination uptake; 2) Ignored spatial heterogeneity of unvaccinated dogs, especially stray dogs; and, 3) Suboptimal placement of vaccine tents across the urban landscape. Under a first aim, a qualitative study and a survey are proposed to identify social and spatial determinants of canine vaccination uptake in urban settings. The second aim will evaluate mathematically different strategies that consider the role of stray dogs in rabies control programs. Finally, the third aim will incorporate social and spatial factors into a mathematical algorithm to optimize the location of vaccine tents. For this third study, a discrete-choice experiment will be performed to test the acceptability of the optimized vaccine stand placements. This proposal aims to produce an urgently needed novel approach for zoonotic disease control programs in cities to integrate urban landscapes, health behaviors, diverse populations, and optimal placement of health service facilities.

项目概要由于人畜共患病之间复杂的相互作用，给公共卫生带来了独特的挑战人类、动物、病原体和环境。城市化、移民和城市景观增加了这些相互作用以及人畜共患病病原体的控制和预防变得更加复杂需要创新的多学科方法，考虑到社会、空间和城市地区的人口动态。人畜共患病病原体正在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的主要城市中心流行。在世界范围内，其中秘鲁阿雷基帕市正处于犬类狂犬病流行之中。司机们这种流行病的影响在多个层面上发挥作用：个人和社区层面的因素，包括社会决定因素，这或许可以解释目前家畜狂犬病疫苗接种率较低的原因。城市地理还可以影响人畜共患疾病控制计划的参与，促进犬狂犬病的出现，使其控制复杂化。自由漫步的自养狗和流浪狗，具有独特的生态和种群动态也可能影响控制活动的结果。在这个提案中，我将开发一种新方法结合数学和社会方法控制和预防城市中的人畜共患疾病，使用狂犬病作为模型人畜共患疾病，很大程度上取决于城市动态。 15年后城市重新崛起，卫生部未能平息狂犬病阿雷基帕复杂的城市环境中流行。我推测失败主要是由于三个原因因素： 1) 对犬类疫苗接种的决定因素知之甚少； 2）忽略了空间异质性未接种疫苗的狗，尤其是流浪狗； 3) 城市中疫苗帐篷的放置不理想景观。第一个目标是进行定性研究和调查，以确定社会和空间城市环境中犬类疫苗接种率的决定因素。第二个目标将通过数学方式评估考虑流浪狗在狂犬病控制计划中的作用的不同策略。最后，第三个目标将社会和空间因素纳入数学算法中，以优化疫苗帐篷的位置。对于第三项研究，将进行离散选择实验来测试优化后的可接受性疫苗架放置。该提案旨在为以下地区的人畜共患疾病控制项目提供迫切需要的新方法城市整合城市景观、健康行为、多样化人口和最佳健康布局服务设施。