Exposure to Violence and Subsequent Weapons Use: Integrative data analysis across two urban high-risk communities

遭受暴力和随后使用武器：两个城市高风险社区的综合数据分析

• 批准号: 10161269
• 负责人: Paul Boxer
• 金额: $ 34.98万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-30 至 2022-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10161269
• 关键词: Exposure; Violence; Subsequent; Weapons; Use

We are submitting this application in response to RFA CE-20-006, “Research Grants to Prevent Firearm- Related Violence and Injuries,” with specific regard to Objective One, “research to help inform the development of innovative and promising opportunities to enhance safety and prevent firearm-related injuries, deaths, and crime.” We are applying for Funding Option A, “research projects that rely on existing data.” Firearm violence in the United States is a serious public health concern, with 21,789 intentional violence- related firearm deaths in 2017, one third of whom are in the 15-29 year old age range; and the rates are much higher among African American and Hispanic compared to white youth. We collected longitudinal data from two urban samples at high risk for weapons crimes: Flint, MI (5 waves of data collection on a predominantly African American sample of 426 participants from three starting grade cohorts in 2007 of 2nd, 4th, and 9th graders, with the last assessment in 2019 at ages 20, 22, and 27, respectively) and Jersey City, NJ (4 annual waves of data collection on an ethnically diverse sample of 200 participants starting as high school sophomores in 2016-2017). We used similar measures in both studies (e.g., violence/weapon exposure in the neighborhood, family, and media, social cognitions about violence and weapon exposure, violent and weapon- related behavior), and we used a multi-wave, multi-source methodology (e.g., self-, parent-, and teacher- reports; geospatial crime coding of participants' neighborhoods). By calibrating and integrating data across the two studies, we can now use a robust approach to data analysis to address four specific aims: 1) assess developmental patterns of exposure to violent behavior with weapons (in the neighborhood, family, and violent media), of one's own firearms and other weapon use, and of social cognitions about violence, firearms, and weapons use—with nearly every age between 7 and 27 covered in the combined samples, and the relations among these three trajectories; 2) investigate how social cognitions about violence and weapon use mediate the longitudinal relation between exposure to weapon violence and subsequent engagement in weapon violence; 3) examine whether self-reports of neighborhood firearm crime and geospatial calculations of the same differentially or cumulatively predict trajectories of social cognitions about weapon violence, and in turn, actual self-reported use of guns and other weapons; and 4) investigate how personal risk and protective factors (e.g., sex, cognitive achievement, emotional reactivity to violence) and family or extra-familial contextual factors (e.g., parenting, neighborhood qualities) might moderate the relations. By testing key theoretical propositions concerning mediating cognitive and emotional processes, as well as protective factors, our findings can inform the development of multi-layered community interventions to reduce gun violence among urban youth. Our proposed study is thus directly in line with the broad community-wide violence prevention agenda of the Centers for Disease Control.

我们正在根据RFA CE-20-006提交此申请，“研究赠款，以防止枪支 - 相关的暴力和伤害，“针对客观的一项，“研究有助于告知发展的研究 创新和有希望的机会，以提高安全性并防止与枪支相关的伤害，死亡和 犯罪。“我们正在申请资助选项A，“依靠现有数据的研究项目”。 美国的枪支暴力行为是一个严重的公共卫生问题，有21,789次故意暴力 - 2017年相关的枪支死亡，其中三分之一处于15-29岁年龄段；费率很大 与白人青年相比，非洲裔美国人和西班牙裔的更高。我们从 两个有武器犯罪风险高风险的城市样本：弗林特，密歇根州（主要是5个数据浪潮 非裔美国人样本的426名参与者，来自2007年的三个初级队列，第二，第四和第9 分布者，2019年的最后一次评估分别为20、22和27岁）和新泽西州泽西市（4年4年 从高中开始的200名参与者的种族不同样本中的数据收集浪潮 大二学生在2016-2017）。我们在两项研究中都使用了类似的措施（例如，暴力/武器暴露 邻里，家庭和媒体，关于暴力和武器暴露，暴力和武器的社会认知 - 相关行为），我们使用了多波，多源方法论（例如，自我，父母和教师 - 报告；参与者社区的地理空间犯罪编码）。通过校准和集成数据 两项研究，我们现在可以使用强大的数据分析方法来解决四个具体目标：1）评估 开发人员使用武器接触暴力行为的模式（在附近，家庭和暴力 媒体），自己的枪支和其他武器的使用，以及有关暴力，枪支和的社会认知 使用武器 - 几乎每个年龄在7至27岁之间的年龄涵盖了合并的样本和关系 在这三个轨迹中； 2）调查社会认知如何调解暴力和武器使用 暴露于武器暴力与随后参与武器之间的纵向关系 暴力; 3）检查邻里枪支犯罪和地理空间计算的自我报告是否 相同或累积地预测有关武器暴力的社会认知轨迹，然后 实际的自我报告使用枪支和其他武器； 4）调查个人风险和保护 因素（例如，性，认知成就，对暴力的情感反应性）和家庭或家庭外 上下文因素（例如，育儿，邻里品质）可能会减轻关系。通过测试密钥 理论主张涉及调解认知和情感过程以及保护因素， 我们的发现可以告知多层社区干预措施的发展，以减少枪支暴力 在城市青年中。因此，我们提出的研究直接与广泛的社区范围的暴力一致 预防疾病控制中心的Agernda。