Construction of Biomimetic Moving Systems Using Polymer Gels

使用聚合物凝胶构建仿生移动系统

基本信息

批准号：
09102002
负责人：
OSADA Yoshihito
金额：
$ 122.69万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In order to create biomimetic motility systems, polymer gels have been employed using their reversible size and shape change, thereby realizing the motion by integrating the deformation on a molecular level. Along this line, several kinds of artificial soft machines have been constructed using synthetic polymer gels, such as gelooper (gel-looper), gelf (gel golf), gel valves, chemical motor, shape memory gel, artificial muscle, artificial heart. Motivated by these research results, we have succeeded in obtaining hydrogels with a high mechanical strength as 10 MPa sustaining more than millions of continuous wearing test with little wearing due to their extremely low frictional coefficient. These gels might open new era of soft ＆ wet materials for substituting articular cartilage and other tissues of human body.By comparing the behaviors of gel machine with the solid machine, the specific features of the soft and wet machine have been elucidated. For example, if a gel has free dangling charged polymer chains on its surface, the frictional coefficient becomes as low as 10^<-4>, which is lower than that of animal articular cartilage.We have successfully created an ATP fueled soft gel machine reconstructed from muscle proteins of actin and myosin. Chemically cross-linked actin gel filaments, several thousand times the volume of native actin filaments (F-actin) move along a chemically cross-linked myosin fibrous gel (1 cm long and 50 μ m in diameter) with a velocity as high as that of native F-actin, by coupling to ATP hydrolysis. The muscle protein-gel demonstrates that one can reconstruct a soft machine fueled by chemical energy by using actin and myosin molecules as elementary elements.

为了创建仿生运动系统，人们利用聚合物凝胶的可逆尺寸和形状变化，从而通过在分子水平上整合变形来实现运动。沿着这条线，已经使用合成聚合物构建了几种人造软机器。凝胶，如gelooper（凝胶-looper）、gelf（凝胶高尔夫）、凝胶阀门、化学马达、形状记忆凝胶、人造肌肉、人造心脏等在这些研究成果的推动下，我们成功地获得了具有凝胶功能的水凝胶。由于其极低的摩擦系数，机械强度高达10 MPa，可承受超过数百万次的连续磨损测试，磨损很小，这些凝胶可能开启软湿材料替代关节软骨和人体其他组织的新时代。凝胶机器与固体机器的行为，已经阐明了软湿机器的具体特征。例如，如果凝胶在其表面上具有自由悬挂的带电聚合物链，则摩擦系数会低至。 10^<-4>，低于动物关节软骨。我们成功地制造了一种由肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白的肌肉蛋白重建的ATP驱动的软凝胶机器，其体积是肌动蛋白凝胶丝的数千倍。天然肌动蛋白丝（F-肌动蛋白）沿着化学交联的肌球蛋白纤维凝胶（长 1 厘米，直径 50 μm）移动，速度与天然肌动蛋白丝一样高F-肌动蛋白，通过与 ATP 水解偶联，肌肉蛋白凝胶表明，人们可以通过使用肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白分子作为基本元素来重建由化学能驱动的软机器。