Study on Neural and Humoral Control Mechanisms of REM Sleep

快速眼动睡眠的神经和体液控制机制研究

基本信息

批准号：
09680816
负责人：
KAYAMA Yukihiko
金额：
$ 2.37万
依托单位：
Fukushima Medical University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

It had long been suggested that cholinergic neurons in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus of the brainstem play an important role in induction and maintenance of REM sleep. This was confirmed by studies in which single neuronal activity of the cholinergic neurons was recorded in undrugged animals repeating sleep and wakefulness ; among the studies our study using rats was characterized by in vivo identification of spike activity of the cholinergic neurons with their spike configuration to be broader than other neurons. The present study is then to clarify which neurons drive the cholinergic neurons. Rats were used in all experiments.First, whether, or how, the cholinergic neurons responded to electrical stimulation of the frontal cortex, preoptic area, mammillary body of the posterior hypothalamus, thalamus or hippocampus was examined. Most frequently they were driven orthodromically from the hypothalamic sites (preoptic area and mammillary body). Antidromic responses were obtained most frequently also from the preoptic area. These results suggest that the hypothalamus and brainstem cooperate with each other in controlling sleep and wakefulness.Then, responses of the cholinergic neurons to locally applied transmitters were examined. All subgroups of the cholinergic neurons, which were classified with their behavior during sleep and wakefulness, were inhibited by noradrenaline, being different from the neurons in the cats. Histamine had an excitatory action. Hypothalamic neurohormon prolactin, which had been known to increase REM sleep when injected into the cerebral ventricle, induced long-lasting excitation of most cholinergic neurons.In summary, excitation of the cholinergic neurons which produce REM sleep may be exerted, in addition to disinhibition from monoaminergic neurons active specifically during wakefulness, by inputs from the hypothalamus with neurohormonal factors such as prolactin.

长期以来，人们一直认为脑干背侧被盖核中的胆碱能神经元在快速眼动睡眠的诱导和维持中发挥着重要作用。研究证实了这一点，在这些研究中，记录了未用药动物重复睡眠和清醒时胆碱能神经元的单个神经元活动。在这些研究中，我们使用大鼠进行的研究的特点是体内鉴定了胆碱能神经元的尖峰活性，其尖峰结构比其他神经元更广泛。本研究旨在阐明哪些神经元驱动胆碱能神经元。所有实验均采用大鼠。首先，检查胆碱能神经元是否或如何对额叶皮层、视前区、下丘脑后乳头体、丘脑或海马的电刺激作出反应。最常见的是，它们是从下丘脑部位（视前区和乳头体）顺向驱动的。逆向反应也最常从视前区获得。这些结果表明下丘脑和脑干在控制睡眠和觉醒方面相互配合。然后，检查了胆碱能神经元对局部施加的发射器的反应。与猫的神经元不同，胆碱能神经元的所有亚群（根据睡眠和清醒时的行为进行分类）均受到去甲肾上腺素的抑制。组胺有兴奋作用。众所周知，下丘脑神经激素催乳素注射到脑室后会增加快速眼动睡眠，它会引起大多数胆碱能神经元的长期兴奋。总之，除了解除对快速眼动睡眠的抑制之外，还可能对产生快速眼动睡眠的胆碱能神经元产生兴奋。单胺能神经元在清醒时通过来自下丘脑的神经激素因子（例如催乳素）的输入而特别活跃。