1. The archaeology of the Tayma oasis: Continuity and change of subsistence strategies in the arid NW of the Arabian Peninsula from the Neolithic to Islam2. Water management in the historical oasis of Tayma

1. 泰玛绿洲的考古学：阿拉伯半岛西北干旱地区从新石器时代到伊斯兰教生存策略的延续与变化2。

• 批准号: 63608405
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Ricardo Eichmann
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Labor für Siedlungswasserwirtschaft und Abfalltechnik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2007-12-31 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/63608405?language=en
• 关键词: 1.; archaeology; Tayma; oasis; Continuity

Long-standing interdisciplinary research at the ancient oasis of Tayma resulted in a substantial reassessment of Northwest Arabia as dynamic zone of cultural contacts. Oasis cultivation, according to archaeobotanic data, started at around 4.200 BC, favored by the availability of groundwater, one of the factors sustaining the oasis and its connectedness for millennia. At least by the end of the 3rd millennium BC Tayma had close connections with the leading political and economic agents within the region, i.e. Egypt, Syro-Mesopotamia and the Levant. The Arabian Peninsula continuously provided important resources. Tayma reached its largest extent in pre-modern times (9.2 sq.km) long before the end of the 2nd millennium BC, before developing into a central place on the so-called Incense Road. Whereas 1st millennium BC historical reconstructions of Tayma had been dominated by Assyrian, Babylonian or Biblical sources, the new archaeological evidence offers a more refined picture of an oasis whose ancient center continued to be settled until the early Byzantine period, before being abandoned.The main goal of the long-term investigation is the archaeological exploration of the oasis settlement at Tayma and its environmental settings in the frame of continuously changing ecological contexts and the results of human activities. Of special interest are solutions and innovations as part of culture, which are related to the implementation of different subsistence strategies and of pertaining risk-management. (Application for long-term funding, 2007, p. 16) The research aims of the project are embedded in five central core areas. The data originating from this research is currently under study for subsequent publication:1. Obtaining settlement and environmental data2. Social structures and lifestyles3. External cultural relations (social, economic, political)4. Study of data and archive work on the documentation; Geographic Information System (GIS)5. Continuation of the publication program. The hydrological sub-project investigates the development of water management at Tayma since the Chalcolithic period from an archaeo- and palaeo-hydrological perspective in the context of changing environmental conditions. Artesian ground-water caused the emergence and continuous existence of the oasis which, today, is located in an area of hyper-arid climatic conditions. Investigation into the hydro-geological setting and hydro-technical contexts has not only facilitated the identification and localization of water resources, but will allow for reconstructions of its utilization, especially in relation to specific types of water management. In this context, the yield of water and the demand of different types of use need to be further investigated.

在泰玛（Tayma）古代绿洲的长期跨学科研究导致西北阿拉伯作为文化接触的动态区域进行了实质性的重新评估。根据考古学数据，绿洲种植的开始于公元前4.200左右，这是由于地下水的可用性而受到青睐，这是维持绿洲及其连接性的因素之一。至少到公元前3千年结束时，泰玛与该地区的主要政治和经济代理人，即埃及，西罗 - 美索不达米亚和黎凡特有密切的联系。阿拉伯半岛不断提供重要资源。泰玛（Tayma）在公元前第二千年结束前很久就达到了前现代时代（9.2平方公里）的最大程度，然后发展成为所谓的香火道路的中心地点。尽管公元前1千年的泰玛的历史重建是亚述人，巴比伦或圣经的来源所统治的，但新的考古证据提供了更精致的绿洲图片，其古老中心一直在拜占庭时期，然后被遗弃。长期调查的目的是对泰马的绿洲定居点的考古探索及其在不断变化的生态环境和人类活动结果的框架内的环境环境。特殊兴趣的是解决方案和创新作为文化的一部分，这与实施不同的生存策略以及有关风险管理的实施有关。 （长期资助申请，2007年，第16页）该项目的研究目的嵌入了五个中心核心区域。目前正在研究这项研究的数据以进行后续出版：1。获得定居和环境数据2。社会结构和生活方式3。外部文化关系（社会，经济，政治）4。研究文档的数据和档案工作；地理信息系统（GIS）5。延续出版计划。自墨西哥岩石时期以来，从考古和古 - 流浪汉的角度来看，在改变环境条件的背景下，水文量身投影研究了塔伊玛的水管理发展。自流地下水引起了绿洲的出现和连续存在，如今，绿洲位于高度气候条件的地区。对水文地质环境和水力技术环境的调查不仅促进了水资源的识别和定位，而且还可以重建其利用率，尤其是与特定类型的水管理相关。在这种情况下，需要进一步研究水的产量和不同类型的使用的需求。