History of Eugenics and Immigration in Canada

加拿大优生学和移民史

基本信息

批准号：
19520638
负责人：
HOSOKAWA Michihisa
金额：
$ 2.91万
依托单位：
Kagoshima University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2007 至 2009
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This research examines how 'mental defectiveness' was treated in Canada from the late nineteenth to mid-twentieth centuries, covering eugenics and mental health ideas by various groups, such as the Canadian National Committee for Mental Hygiene and the Eugenics Society of Canada, which led to the introduction of sterilization laws both in Alberta (enacted in 1928 for the first time in the British Empire, modified in 1938 and 1942, and repealed in 1972) and British Columbia (enacted in 1933 and repealed in 1973), and took great initiative in the abortive but strong demand for the legislation of sterilization in Ontario around the 1930's. It finds that 'mental defectives' posed a threat to 'pure white' Canada. They were regarded as being situated between 'normal' and 'sane' and their presence and relationship with others in 'normal' communities was thought to be dangerous in that it might bring a filthiness that would contaminate 'whiteness' and shake 'white' supremacy. Especially in the early twentieth century, concerns about 'mental defectiveness' loomed large with an increasing number of 'insane' immigrants. It also points out that ruling Canadians were concerned about not only 'non-white' 'mental defectives' but rather 'white' ones-which means 'mental defectives' were considered to be 'inbetween peoples' among the 'whites'- who were thought to be a symptom of Anglo-Saxon 'racial suicide'.

这项研究探讨了从十九世纪末到二十世纪中叶加拿大如何对待“精神缺陷”，涵盖了不同团体的优生学和心理健康理念，例如加拿大国家心理卫生委员会和加拿大优生学协会，这些团体领导了阿尔伯塔省引入绝育法（1928 年在大英帝国首次颁布，1938 年和 1942 年修改，并于1972年）和不列颠哥伦比亚省（1933年颁布，1973年废除），并在1930年代左右在安大略省主动提出绝育立法，但流产但强烈要求。报告发现，“精神缺陷”对“纯白人”加拿大构成了威胁。他们被认为处于“正常”和“理智”之间，他们在“正常”社区中的存在和与他人的关系被认为是危险的，因为这可能会带来污染“白人”并动摇“白人”至上的污秽。。特别是在二十世纪初，随着“精神错乱”移民数量的不断增加，人们对“精神缺陷”的担忧日益凸显。它还指出，执政的加拿大人不仅担心“非白人”“精神缺陷者”，而且还担心“白人”——这意味着“精神缺陷者”被认为是“白人”中的“中间人”。被认为是盎格鲁撒克逊“种族自杀”的症状。