Fish Movement Modeling in Rivers with Fishways

有鱼道的河流中鱼类运动建模

基本信息

批准号：
18580246
负责人：
FUJIHARA Masayuki
金额：
$ 2.5万
依托单位：
Ehime University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2006 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18580246/
关键词：
Fishway Computational Fluid Mechanics Fish Movement Weir Headwork Volume of Fluid Method 階段型魚道突進速度スタミナトンネル

项目摘要

Fishways are constructed to enable fishes overcome man-made obstructions across the rivers, such as weirs. The aims of the project am : (1) Modelling the flow in flshways and in rivers with fishways, (2) Investigation of fish behavior characteristics, and (3) Modelling the fish behavior The result and remark on each objective are as follows(1) Computer models were made which am applicable for three types of fishways: fishway embedded with stones, vertical slot fishway and ice-harbor fishway. Horizontally two-dimensional model based on the shallow water equation was developed for simulating the flows in a fishway embedded with stones and in a vertical slot fishway; and a three-dimensional Volume of Fluid (VOF) method was used for simulating the flow in an ice-harbor fishway. The former model can handle the flow in the rivers with fishways, but the latter one has not yet been completed to include the river.(2) Ascending fish behavior was observed and investigated by using three submerged TV cameras set in the pool and weir fishway installed at a weir in Iwaki River. From the results of the field observation, it was found that fishes ascend wisely and faster using relatively low velocity regions (low central region of the pool, downstream of notch, and around bottom holes) under stimulation by rapid flow. Also, benthic fishes climb up vertical baffles using a sucker and swim through the notch.(3)Fish movement modeling was made. It was a combined Stochastic Ascending Route Decision Model which is based on the characteristics of the ability to ascend and the Swimming Speed Decision Model which is based on red and white muscles properties.Combining the models described above, the fish behavior was simulated in a vertical slot fishway. The simulated results made clear that the rate offish ascent increased in accordance with their body length and fishes used the pools, in other words stagnation areas, for their resting.

修建鱼道是为了使鱼类能够克服河流上的人造障碍物，例如堰。该项目的目标是：（1）对鱼道和有鱼道的河流中的流量进行建模，（2）鱼类行为特征的调查，以及（3）对鱼类行为进行建模每个目标的结果和说明如下（1 )建立了适用于嵌石鱼道、垂直槽鱼道和冰港鱼道三种类型鱼道的计算机模型。建立了基于浅水方程的水平二维模型，用于模拟嵌石鱼道和垂直槽鱼道的水流；采用三维流体体积法(VOF)对冰港鱼道内的流动进行模拟。前一种模型可以处理有鱼道的河流中的水流，但后一种模型尚未完成，包括河流。(2)利用设置在水池和堰鱼道中的三个水下电视摄像机对鱼的上浮行为进行观察和研究安装在磐城河的堰上。现场观察结果发现，在急流的刺激下，鱼类利用流速较低的区域（池中心低速区域、缺口下游、底孔周围）上浮较明智且较快。底栖鱼类利用吸盘爬上垂直挡板并游过缺口。(3)建立了鱼类运动模型。它是基于上升能力特征的随机上升路线决策模型和基于红白肌肉特性的游泳速度决策模型的组合。结合上述模型，在垂直方向上模拟鱼的行为。槽鱼道。模拟结果清楚地表明，鱼类上升的速度随着体长的增加而增加，并且鱼类利用水池（即停滞区）进行休息。