Recycling of Organic Waste and its Management System emphasizing on the Logistics

有机废弃物资源化利用及以物流为重点的管理体系

基本信息

批准号：
13660216
负责人：
AWAJI Kazunori
金额：
$ 1.41万
依托单位：
NAGOYA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The purpose of this research is to investigate recycling situation of the biogasplants and the use of food waste as feed and then to examine the combine of these ways of recycling. In this study two biogas plants (Machimura dairy farm and Yagi-town) and several pig farms in Tokai region were examined. The Biogas plants are very profitable in their energy self-sufficiency, but they do not earn a lot to sell the energy because of the low selling price of electricity. The use of food waste as feed is very profitable to reduce the feed cost. Through the survey it is shown that these ways of recycling have a positive impact to reduce environmental burden and they are capable to be profitable in economy. But the following problems were pointed out ; (1)the logistic process of collecting waste and distributing the products are complicated and not efficient, (2)the information about organic waste are few, (3)some trades of waste are underground, (4)the kind of the using organic waste differs between farm size classes, (5)there are hard competition for some kinds of organic waste, (6)the energy supplied from biogas plants is not fully used and the processing feed from food waste needs a lot of energy. From these analyses, the combine of these two kinds of recycling, biogas and feed from food waste, is suggested and the meaning of cascade process in recycling is indicated. The study shows economies of scale and economies of scope at the biomass-complex recycling from the examination of two pilot plants in Germany and in Osaka. Finally the study points out the importance of the waste management for recycling and shows the model of regional management system to make the logistics and the energy use efficient.

本研究的目的是调查沼气厂的回收情况和食物垃圾作为饲料的利用，然后研究这些回收方式的组合。在这项研究中，对东海地区的两个沼气厂（町村奶牛场和八木镇）和几个养猪场进行了检查。沼气厂在能源自给自足方面利润丰厚，但由于电力销售价格较低，他们出售能源的收入并不高。利用食物垃圾作为饲料对于降低饲料成本来说是非常有利可图的。通过调查表明，这些回收方式对于减轻环境负担具有积极的影响，并且能够产生经济效益。但也指出了以下问题；（1）收集废物和分配产品的物流过程复杂且效率低下；（2）有关有机废物的信息很少；（3）一些废物交易是地下的；（4）使用有机废物的种类农场规模等级之间存在差异，（5）某些有机废物存在激烈竞争，（6）沼气厂提供的能源没有得到充分利用，餐厨垃圾加工饲料需要大量能源。根据这些分析，建议将沼气和餐厨垃圾饲料这两种回收方式结合起来，并指出了回收中级联过程的意义。该研究通过对德国和大阪的两个试点工厂的检查显示了生物质综合回收的规模经济和范围经济。最后，研究指出了废物管理对于回收的重要性，并展示了区域管理系统的模型，以提高物流和能源利用效率。