A Historical Study on the Cairo Cemeteries of the City of the Dead Using A Database

利用数据库对开罗死亡之城墓地进行历史研究

• 批准号: 13610421
• 负责人: OHTOSHI Tetsuya
• 金额: $ 1.73万
• 依托单位: Kyushu University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13610421/
• 关键词: saint; visit(ziyara); the City of the Dead; sufism; Cairo; Cemetery; the Mamluks; 聖者崇敬

First, after scrutinizing various studies and historical materials relating to the Egyptian City of the Dead, we copied some of them in the form of microfilm, especially those materials from the Egyptian National Library. Next, the databasing of buried individuals in the vast Egyptian City of the Dead was carried out. Data from descriptions of Ziyara Books (guidebooks for people visiting cemeteries). were databased in information sheets. The items recorded for each buried person included: name (including nisba, agnomen and nickname), sex, dates of birth and death, general information concerning his/her family, family lineage, physical features, occupation, places inhabited, intellectual background (lineage of the Hadith, law school, theological school, teachers and disciples, education, writings, sufism, tariqa, etc.), karama (miracle/virtue) stories of the dead, and information concerning the tomb (location, shape, material, history, customs, and the content of prayers). In spite of the difficulties involved, we were able to decipher the content of Ziyara texts, and determine the total number of persons whose burials were documented there in. We accumulate a considerable amount of data, and although the database is not complete, the foundation for future research has been laid. Third, from this material, we extracted the information exclusive to sufism, and analyzed as a case study. Through this, we elucidated the development of sufism and reilgious institutions in the Medieval Egyptian society. Fourth, tombs and their visiting circuit were field-surveyed. During this fieldwork, we gathered information from the current residents. In addition, through mapping the topography of cemeteries and analyzing the process of its transformation over the centuries, treatises were composed which present correlations between historical materials and the spatial composition of the cemeteries.

首先，我们在查阅了有关埃及死亡之城的各种研究和历史资料后，以缩微胶卷的形式复制了其中一些资料，特别是埃及国家图书馆的资料。接下来，对广阔的埃及死亡之城中埋葬的个人进行了数据库分析。数据来自 Ziyara Books（参观墓地的指南）的描述。已记录在信息表中。每个埋葬者的记录项目包括：姓名（包括尼巴、阿名、昵称）、性别、出生和死亡日期、家庭概况、世系、体貌特征、职业、居住地、知识背景（世系）圣训、法学院、神学院、教师和门徒、教育、著作、苏菲主义、塔里卡等）、死者的卡拉玛（奇迹/美德）故事以及有关坟墓的信息（地点、形状、材料、历史、习俗和祈祷内容）。尽管遇到困难，我们还是能够破译齐亚拉文本的内容，并确定其中记录了埋葬者的总数。我们积累了大量数据，虽然数据库并不完整，但奠定了基础为今后的研究奠定了基础。第三，从这些材料中，我们提取了苏菲主义独有的信息，并作为案例进行了分析。通过这一点，我们阐明了中世纪埃及社会中苏菲主义和宗教机构的发展。四是对墓葬及其参观路线进行了实地考察。在这次实地调查中，我们从当前居民那里收集了信息。此外，还通过绘制墓地地形图，分析其百年变迁过程，撰写了论述史料与墓地空间构成之间关系的论文。