A Comparative Study between Japan and the U.S.on the Roles of Community for Solving the Problems on Health and Welfare.

日美社区在解决健康福利问题中的作用比较研究。

基本信息

批准号：
11691033
负责人：
SONODA Kyoichi
金额：
$ 12.22万
依托单位：
Toyo University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A).
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Two cities were selected as research areas in the U.S. ; one was St.Louis, Missouri, and another was Missoula, Montana.St.Louis comprised of two distinctive areas : the suburban area where majority of residents were upper-to middle class white, and the city area where majority of residents were African Americans, one third of residents were dependent on social welfare, and violent crimes were concentrated. Addressing needs of the different groups, a wide range of approaches were observed. In the suberban area, nonprofit organizations and informal groups were actively operating to discuss and resolve common issues among the upper-to middle-class residents. For example, Independent Center and Wellness Community, both of which were private nonprofit organizations, were providing support to those who were suffering from cancer or those who were physically or mentally challenged. The goal of their activities was to help the people live in the community while maintaining their independency. … More In the inner city area the economic development was the primary issue. Charitable organizations were taking crucial roles as well by delegating professionals and volunteers to provide support to residents in need.Missoula was known as 'one of the most comfortable cities to live in' (Forbes). Primary residents were white who were decendents of European immigrants. The culture seems to be relatively homogeneous, while there were some indications of diversily ; preservation areas for native Americans were located around the Missoula area, as well as the increasing number of Vietnamese immigrants. Montana, University was serving as an anchor in comnmunity organization. The Community College Program organized by Montana University was an example of its effort to reach out to native Americans. At the same time, the government assumed a leadership in strengthening neighborhood councils of all over the city area while residents and business sector were organizing charitable activities such as the Food Bank Program in order to respond to the increasing number of residents in need. In addition, private organizations were operating to improve the quality of life among residents, such as Aging Service which was providing support to the elderly and Family First which supported devorcees. Less

美国选择了两个城市作为研究区域；一个是密苏里州的圣路易斯，另一个是蒙大拿州的米苏拉。圣路易斯由两个独特的区域组成：大多数居民是中上层白人的郊区，在居民以非裔美国人为主的城市地区，三分之一的居民依赖社会福利，暴力犯罪集中在郊区，在解决不同群体的需求方面，非营利组织采取了多种做法。和非正式团体积极例如，独立中心和健康社区都是私人非营利组织，为患有癌症或身体或身体状况不佳的人提供支持。他们活动的目标是帮助人们在独立的情况下生活在社区中。在市中心地区，慈善组织也通过委派专业人士和志愿者来发挥关键作用。为居民提供支持米苏拉被称为“最适宜居住的城市之一”（《福布斯》），主要居民是欧洲移民的后裔，文化似乎相对单一，但也有一些保护区的迹象。对于位于米苏拉地区的美国原住民以及越来越多的越南移民来说，蒙大拿大学正在充当社区组织的支柱，蒙大拿大学组织的社区学院计划就是其努力实现这一目标的一个例子。与此同时，政府在加强全市社区委员会方面发挥了领导作用，而居民和商业部门则组织了食品银行计划等慈善活动，以应对不断增加的居民数量。此外，私人组织也在开展工作，以改善居民的生活质量，例如为老年人提供支持的老龄化服务中心和为离婚者提供支持的家庭优先组织。