The Multiethnic Livelihood Economy and Regular Markets in the Subtropical Regions -Cases in Hainan Island and Yunnan Province, China-

亚热带地区的多民族生计经济和常规市场-中国海南岛和云南省的案例-

基本信息

批准号：
20401011
负责人：
NISHITANI Masaru
金额：
$ 8.99万
依托单位：
National Museum of Japanese History
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2008 至 2012
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Indigenous farmers often integrate different types of subsistence such as agriculture, fishing, hunting and gathering; diversified environmental zones are used on the basis of farmers’ indigenous knowledge. It is contrasting to farmers in industrialized societies who mostly depend on mono-cropping and are less interested in utilizing surrounding environment. In the present study, we conducted fieldworks in Wuzhishan region in Hainan Province and in Honghe region in Yunnan Province, China, for investing the relationships among indigenous subsistence, government-led developmental project and natural environment. We tried to evaluate the relationship as a dynamic system; for example, we found that (1) the people could mitigate unfavorable impacts of government-led developmental project by using indigenous knowledge about natural environment; and (2) social organization of communities played a role in environmental conservation. Rapid economic development in China is usually regarded as a … More cause of environmental destruction. A national initiative launched in 2006 (the 11th five-year plan) aimed at achieving “moderately affluent” society. The important challenge is to implement sustainable society by ecosystem conservation, efficient resource use, environmentally sound economy and social system. Yet, as symbolized by recent reports of air pollution problems in urban areas, the goals have not been fully accomplished. One notable finding in our fieldworks is the fundamental role of “market” in maintenance of regional society. Market has enabled households to exchange their surplus production with deficient materials, which contributed to sustainable survival strategies in the region and to avoid over exploitation of natural environment. The problem is that market is nowadays regarded as old-fashioned and not-efficient places for economic activity and thus is underscored by the government people. They should notice invisible function of market in sustainability of regional economy as well as conservation of natural environment, and re-promote it in rural parts of China. Less

土著农民往往将农业、渔业、狩猎和采集等不同类型的生计结合起来；在农民的土著知识的基础上利用多样化的环境区，这与工业化社会中的农民主要依赖单一作物种植形成鲜明对比。在本研究中，我们在中国海南省五指山地区和云南省红河地区进行了实地考察，以研究土著居民的生存、政府主导的开发项目和自然环境之间的关系。我们试图将这种关系作为一个动态系统进行评估；例如，我们发现（1）人们可以通过利用有关自然环境的本土知识来减轻政府主导的发展项目的不利影响；（2）社区的社会组织发挥了作用。中国经济的快速发展通常被认为是环境破坏的一个原因，2006 年推出的一项旨在实现“小康”社会的国家计划（第十一个五年计划）的重要挑战是。实现可持续社会然而，正如最近关于城市地区空气污染问题的报告所表明的那样，我们的实地调查中的一个显着发现是“市场的基本作用”。市场使家庭能够用短缺的材料交换剩余的产品，这有助于该地区的可持续生存战略，并避免对自然环境的过度开发。经济活动的时尚和低效场所，因此被强调他们应该注意到市场在区域经济可持续发展和自然环境保护方面的隐形作用，并在中国农村地区重新推广。