Representation of Numerical Basin Model in the Rural and Mountainous Region by Image Processing and Its Application to Forecasting of Flood Runoff

农村山区流域数值模型的图像处理及其在洪水径流预报中的应用

基本信息

批准号：
08456118
负责人：
FUKUSHIMA Akira
金额：
$ 1.09万
依托单位：
Shimane University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The study purposes to provide an application of topographic information in watershed to the forecast of runoff through the computer workstation. Especially, a discussion is developed on setting the viewpoint at moutainous rural area in San-in district. The results are as follows : 1.(1) Modified runoff models based on the long and short term runoff model or the lumped KiWS model were proposed for the analysis considering the effect of basin topography and distribution of impermeable area. (2) Runoff calculation system was constructed, by using UNIX workstation, to cany out a series of analysis including data input ; runoff analysis ; and output of hydrographs. 2. (1) The behavior of hydrological water balance and mass balance of pollutant were mesured in a paddy field watershed, where a circular irrigation system is implemented. The contribution of the water drawn from extra area and circulation, the mass balance of pollutants and sediment to the improvement of river basin environment was considered. (2) The hydrological properties were evaluated in the experimental lysimeters. As a result, the amount of percolation water amounted for 60% of precipitation and the surface runoff occurred after the cumulated precipitation reached a certain degree. 3. (1) Soft X-ray radiography of water flow in undisturbed paddy soils, upland field soils and forest soils were carried out. Vertical, independent root channels in paddy soils and networked root channels in upland fields conduct the water flow, On the other hand, interaggregate macropore flow has been observed in forest soils. Resultant Reynolds number for paddy field and upland field soils showed 50-80, which indicated macropore flow was in a transition region from laminar to turbulent.

本研究旨在通过计算机工作站提供流域地形信息在径流预报中的应用。特别是对山阴地区山区农村的视点设定进行了讨论。研究结果如下： 1.(1)考虑流域地形和不透水面积分布的影响，提出了基于长短期径流模型或集中KiWS模型的修正径流模型进行分析。 (2)构建了径流计算系统，利用UNIX工作站，进行包括数据输入在内的一系列分析；径流分析；和过程线的输出。 2. (1) 对实施循环灌溉系统的水田流域的水文水平衡和污染物质量平衡进行了测量。考虑了外部取水和循环水、污染物和泥沙质量平衡对流域环境改善的贡献。 (2)在实验蒸渗仪中评价水文特性。结果，渗滤水量占降水量的60%，累积降水量达到一定程度后，出现地表径流。 3.（1）对原状水稻土、旱田土壤和森林土壤的水流进行了软X射线摄影。水稻土中垂直的、独立的根通道和旱地中的网状根通道引导水流，另一方面，在森林土壤中观察到团聚大孔流。稻田和旱田土壤的雷诺数结果为50-80，这表明大孔流处于层流到湍流的过渡区域。