Education program for the best use of remaining functions in visually handicapped children

充分利用视障儿童剩余功能的教育计划

基本信息

批准号：
19330214
负责人：
HAYAKAWA Tomoe
金额：
$ 9.4万
依托单位：
Teikyo University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2007 至 2009
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Visual performance is usually evaluated based on standard visual acuity and field of vision test scores, but these scores tend to vary widely depending on the quality of prior information and the context created between prior information and the information currently being processed. It is also well known that these scores are affected by attentional effects. Such effects are characteristic of the dynamic information processing systems of normal healthy people. But people who are visually impaired cannot exploit these context effects, and are generally unable to effectively utilize residual vision because their peripheral vision is inhibited by the attentional phenomenon. In this study we have applied context-dependent dynamic variations in visual perception to the special needs education of visually impaired children. The phenomenon of heightened spectral sensitivity derived from context (memory) is well attested from psychological and neurological scientific observation, and the goal … More of this work is to construct a basic theory that fits the way information is processed by people so the feedback can be applied to special needs education.The study (1) verifies simulated deterioration of visual information, and (2) quantifies the improvement in visual perception that can be attributed to the context effect. The context effect involves two issues : (2-1) improved perception of diminished information from memory, and (2-2) visual perceptual readiness (attention shift) created by continuous spatial advance information. The former should help overcome the problem of diminished resolution due to declining vision, while the latter could help those with the partial vision loss.The main findings and achievements of the study are summarized as follows : (1) We developed a vision deterioration algorithm that can be used in a wide range of psychological testing and brain function measurement environments. The finished algorithm and psychological testing results were reported at Neuroscience 2008 and at the 73rd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Psychological Association in 2009. The algorithm is included as an appendix to the present paper, we plan to make it widely available, and we have already received inquiries from other research groups about how the algorithm might be used in other applications. Turning to (2-1) improved perception of lost or diminished information from memory, we discovered the brain mechanism involved in recovering and understanding lost words through vocabulary/semantic memory. We conducted a series of psychological tests as well as brain function measurements (functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography), and the fMRI results have been submitted to an English language journal. Regarding the loss or deterioration of graphic information, we found that Japan lacks standardized images for use in psychological and brain function testing, so we began by developing a series of standardized graphic images. The standardized images were developed based on extensive surveys and psychological testing of approximately 2,000 subjects. These results will be presented at the 74th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Psychological Association in September 2010. We are now in the process of putting the standardized images online, so the content can be downloaded by anyone. We plan to conduct brain function measurements using these standardized images to clarify the relationship between memory and perception of patterns and shapes. Finally regarding (2-2), we were able to quantify the number of advance information elements needed to form a spatial context. We are now conducting experiments to see if we can stimulate visual perception from the psychological readiness states in a predictable manner. To this end, we developed a training apparatus for stimulating cognition of suppressedresidual vision (U.S. patent is already confirmed for the device), and we will improve the efficiency of a machine.Our work and findings are detailed in the following paper. Meanwhile, we remain committed to giving back to society by doing original research, publishing our findings, and Japanese normative set of pictures. Less

通常根据标准视力和视觉测试得分的视野进行视觉性能，但是这些分数往往会大大差异，具体取决于先前信息的质量以及先前信息与当前正在处理的信息之间所创造的上下文。众所周知，这些分数受到注意效应的影响。这种影响是正常健康人的动态信息处理系统的特征。但是，视力障碍的人无法利用这些上下文效应，并且通常无法有效利用残留视力，因为注意力现象会抑制其周围视力。在这项研究中，我们在视觉感知中应用了依赖上下文的动态变化，以对视力障碍儿童的特殊需求教育。从心理和神经系统科学观察中得到很好的证明，从情境（记忆）得出的光谱敏感性的现象得到了很好的证明，而目标……更多的工作是构建一种基本理论，该理论适合人们处理的信息的方式，因此可以将反馈应用于特殊需要教育。上下文效应涉及两个问题：（2-1）改善对记忆信息减少的信息的看法，（2-2）视觉感知准备（注意力转移）由连续的空间提前信息创建。前者应该有助于克服由于视力下降而导致的分辨率减少的问题，而后者可以帮助那些视力丧失的人。研究的主要发现和成就总结如下：（1）我们开发了一种可以在广泛的心理学测试和大脑功能测量环境中使用的视力，该视觉确定算法。在2008年Neuroscience和2009年日本心理学协会的第73届年度会议上报告了完成的算法和心理测试结果。该算法作为本文的附录包括在内，我们计划广泛使用，并且我们已经从其他研究小组中询问了有关Algorithm如何在其他应用中使用的研究小组的询问。转向（2-1）改善了对记忆中信息丢失或减少信息的感知，我们发现了通过词汇/语义记忆恢复和理解丢失单词的大脑机制。我们进行了一系列的心理测试以及脑功能测量（功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和磁脑摄影），并将fMRI结果提交给英语语言杂志。关于图形信息的丢失或定义，我们发现日本缺乏用于心理和大脑功能测试的标准化图像，因此我们首先开发了一系列标准化的图形图像。标准化图像是根据大约2,000名受试者的广泛调查和心理测试开发的。这些结果将在2010年9月在日本心理协会的第74届年度会议上介绍。我们现在正在将标准化图像放在线上，因此任何人都可以下载内容。我们计划使用这些标准化图像进行大脑功能测量，以阐明记忆与模式和形状感知之间的关系。最后，关于（2-2），我们能够量化形成空间上下文所需的预先信息元素的数量。现在，我们正在进行实验，以查看是否可以以可预测的方式刺激心理准备状态的视觉感知。为此，我们开发了一种培训设备，用于刺激对抑制性的视力的认知（已经确认了该设备的美国专利），我们将提高机器的效率。下文中详细介绍了我们的工作和发现。意思是，我们仍然致力于通过进行原始研究，发表我们的发现以及日本正常图片集来回馈社会。较少的