Commercial use of a Japanese mason bee, Osmia cornifrons as a pollinator of greenhouse crops

日本梅森蜂（Osmia cornifrons）作为温室作物传粉者的商业用途

基本信息

批准号：
07556016
负责人：
MAETA Yasuo
金额：
$ 3.46万
依托单位：
Shimane University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

To diffuse Osmia cornifrons as a pollinator of a variety of greenhouse crops, such as strawberries, melons, tomatoes, etc., it is essential to commericialize this bee. We studied the following 4 projects so as to realize commercialization of the bee, i.e., 1- To enable utilization throughout a whole year, 2- Mass production of bees, 3- To exploit artificial nests, and 4- To prove its pollination efficiency. The results are summarized as follows :1) The procedure to maintain the bees until their liberation is as follows : A (keeping prepupae at 10ﾟC to inhibit further development, capable to retain up to 420 days) - B (incubating prepupae at 22ﾟC until pupation) - C (incubating pupae at 26ﾟC until eclosion) - D (incubating adults at 26ﾟC prior to chilling) - E (chilling adults at 5ﾟC to break diapause, capable to retain up to 270 days). Through the procedures from A to E,we could maintain the bees for 755 days in maximum. By manipulating A and E,it is possible to liberate bees voluatarily at any time of their use in greenhouses.2) Mass culture of O.cornifrons was very promising at the field of Chinese milk vetch, where the ratio of reproduction (no.of female offsprin produced/no.of females liberated) reached up to approximately 6.0.3) It was possible to induce the discrimination of their own nests in O.cornifrons by staining the nest materials with different color paints.4) Pollination efficiency by O.cornifrons was proved in strawberries and tomatoes. In strawberries, only 15 pollen foraging bees/5a were enough for production of fruits at commercial level.

为了将Osmia cornifrons作为多种温室作物（如草莓、甜瓜、西红柿等）的传粉者，必须将这种蜜蜂商业化，我们研究了以下4个项目，以实现蜜蜂的商业化。 1- 实现全年利用， 2- 大规模生产蜜蜂， 3- 开发人工蜂巢， 4- 证明其授粉效率。结果总结如下。 :1) 饲养蜜蜂直至解放的程序如下： A（将预蛹保持在 10°C 以抑制进一步发育，最多可保留 420 天） - B（将预蛹在 22°C 孵化直至化蛹） - C（蛹在 26°C 下孵化直至羽化）-D（成虫在冷藏前在 26°C 下孵化）-E（冷藏）成虫在5°C打破滞育，可保留长达270天）通过A到E的程序，我们最多可以保留蜜蜂755天。 2）在紫云英领域大规模培养紫云英，其繁殖率（雌性后代数）非常有前景。产量/释放的雌性数量）达到约 6.0.3）可以通过用不同颜色的油漆对巢材料进行染色来诱导 O.cornifrons 中自己巢的辨别。4）O.cornifrons 的授粉效率为在草莓和西红柿中证明，在草莓中，仅 15 只采花蜂/5a 就足以生产商业水平的水果。