About the Actual Situation of the Farming Activity of Ainu in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age -From Excavated Fields and Seeds -

关于中世纪和近代早期阿伊努人农业活动的实际情况 -从出土的土地和种子 -

基本信息

批准号：
17520530
负责人：
GOROU Yamada
金额：
$ 1.69万
依托单位：
History Museum of Hokkaido
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The excavation of sites of Ainu culture period was performed so for, but it was small and the document which could clarify th e actual situation of the Ainu culture was poor, and a figure of the Ainu culture has been pictured based on document historical materials recorded after 18th century. However, the excavation number of sites by the development increases, and excavation such as a village or the field of Ainu had for along a river occurs successively, and the actual situation is gradually becoming clear. As a result of having examined a field excavated by 17 sites, 14 kinds excavated carbonization crops by 23 sites, iron farm implements excavated in 6 sites, the following became dear.It can divide the field of Ainu culture period into two groups. One group continued a small field while changing the place on plateau same in the field which made furrows with thing that was cultivated by Ainu was clarified regardless of slant place and cultivated it. Another group performs field firming the slant place and cultivated it in the field which made furrows along the slant lengthwise, and it was thought that there was the influence of the Araki type slash- and-burn agriculture.There were 14 kinds of excavated crop, barnyard and foxtail millet were used as the main crops in that by 23 sites of Ainu culture period. Barnyard millet and foxtail millet had been conveyed with the important crops by the tradition of Ainu, but it was barnyard millet and foxtail millet that was outstanding in the carbonization seeds which was excavated, and that barnyard millet and foxtail millet were the important crops so that there was it was supported by tradition.

阿伊努文化时期遗址的发掘是这样进行的，但规模较小，能够阐明阿伊努文化实际情况的文献也很少，根据记录的文献史料描绘了阿伊努文化的形象18世纪以后。然而，随着开发的进行，发掘地点不断增加，阿伊努人的村庄或沿河的田野等的发掘相继发生，实际情况逐渐明朗。考察了17处出土的田地、23处出土的14种碳化作物、6处出土的铁制农具等，结果如下。可以将阿伊努文化时期的田地分为两组。一边在用阿伊努人栽培的东西形成犁沟的田地中改变与高原上相同的地方，一边继续一小块田地，无论倾斜的地方如何，都被澄清，栽培了。另一组则对倾斜的地方进行加固，在沿倾斜纵向开沟的田地进行耕种，认为受到荒木式刀耕火种农业的影响。出土的农作物有14种，阿伊努文化时期的23处遗址以稗子和谷子为主要农作物。稗子和谷子按照阿伊努人的传统与重要的农作物一起被传承下来，但是在出土的碳化种子中表现突出的是稗子和谷子，并且稗子和谷子是重要的农作物，因此，这是有传统支持的。