Studies on vsualization of freezing behaviors in plants using NMR microscopy and Infra-red thermography and mechanisms of avoiding freeze injuries.

使用核磁共振显微镜和红外热成像技术对植物冻结行为进行可视化研究以及避免冻害的机制。

基本信息

批准号：
16380030
负责人：
ISHIKAWA Masaya
金额：
$ 10.32万
依托单位：
National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Behavior of water(freeze or supercool)is crucial for plant tissues to survive subfreezing temperatures as their major component is water. Plants have complex tissues and observation of their freezing behaviors is not necessarily easy with conventional methods. We have developed two novel non-invasive methods to visualize freezing behaviors in plant tissues. These methods proved to be powerful tools to analyze freezing behaviors in plants, which may allow us to reveal mechanisms of cold hardiness, freezing injuries and frost injuries.1. We have established a method to visualize freezing behaviors in complex plant tissues using proton NMR(MIR)microscopy. This depends on a simple mechanism, T_2(spin-spin relaxation time)becomes extremely short when water freezes, which results in a catastrophic decrease in the contrast of NMR images.2. We successfully visualized freezing behaviors in flower buds of several woody species(Malus, Pyrus, Prunus, Cornus, Daphne). This allowed us to find novel … More types of freezing behavior in some of these flower buds and to clearly locate boundary between non-frozen and frozen tissues. Using atest tube method, we detected high ice nucleation activity in the tissue that freezes early.3. Fine freezing behaviors of various leaf tissues of Trachycarpus fortuneii(a cold hardy palm)were revealed using NMR microscopy. Mesophyll cells remained supercooled until-16C. Anti-nucleation activity was detected in the methanol extract from this palm.4. Fine freezing behaviors of various leaf tissues in a cold hardy bamboo species(Sasa kurilensis) were revealed using cryomicroscopy.5. Attempts to visualize freezing events using infra-red thermography have been made since 15 years ago in North America. However, they used raw thermography images (sensitivity being low), the transmission of freezing can be seen in tissues with high water content. In the last few years, the apparatus has been digitized, which allows thermo-images analyzed on computers. Using subtraction images and differential images, we could precisely analyze details of freezing transmission. Less

水（冻结或超冷）的行为对于植物组织至关重要，可以在其主要成分中生存于亚冻结温度。植物具有复杂的组织，并且使用常规方法的观察不一定容易。我们已经开发了两种新型的非侵入性方法来可视化植物组织中的冻结行为。这些方法提供为分析植物中冻结行为的强大工具，这可能使我们能够揭示耐寒性，冻伤和霜冻损伤的机制。1。我们已经建立了一种使用Proton NMR（MIR）显微镜在复杂植物组织中可视化冻结行为的方法。这取决于一种简单的机制，当水冻结时，T_2（自旋旋转松弛时间）变得非常短，这会导致NMR图像的对比度灾难性降低。2。我们成功地在几种木质物种（Malus，Pyrus，Prunus，Cornus，Daphne）的花芽中成功地观察了冻结行为。这使我们能够找到新颖的……在其中一些花芽中的更多类型的冷冻行为，并清楚地定位了非冷冻和冷冻组织之间的边界。使用管法，我们检测到早期冻结的组织中的高冰成核活性3。使用NMR显微镜揭示了Trachycarpus fortuneiii（冷耐硬的棕榈）各种叶片组织的精细冻结行为。叶肉细胞保持过冷，直到16c。在此PALM的甲醇提取物中检测到抗核活性。4。使用冷冻显微镜检查揭示了各种叶片组织（sasa kurilensis）中各种叶组织的精细冻结行为。5。自15年前以来，尝试使用Infra-Red热量表可视化冻结事件的尝试。但是，他们使用了原始的热成像图像（灵敏度低），在水含量高的组织中可以看到冷冻的传播。在过去的几年中，该设备已被数字化，这允许在计算机上分析热图像。使用减法图像和微分图像，我们可以精确分析冻结传输的详细信息。较少的