Intron evolution and small non-coding RNAs

内含子进化和小非编码RNA

基本信息

批准号：
15310135
负责人：
KENMOCHI Naoya
金额：
$ 9.98万
依托单位：
University of Miyazaki (2004-2005)宮崎医科大学 (2003)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15310135/
关键词：
intron non-coding RNA ribosome ribosomal protein genome evolution snoRNA RPG リボソームタンパク

项目摘要

As we already knew, many spliceosomal introns exist in eukaryotic genes. These introns are extra bits of DNA sequences that have to be spliced out after the genes were transcribed into RNA (and hence the name spliceosomal introns). Two natural questions that should be raised are when did these introns originate and what is their role? Solving these questions is vital for understanding the evolution of the genome. We have carried out the following works : (1)Construction of a database of the ribosomal protein (RP) genes ; (2)Construction of a database of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) ; (3)Inference of the process of intron gain and loss during eukaryotic evolution ; (4)Comparison of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic RP genes ; and (5)Analysis of introns using zebrafish.The results show that overall intron gains are 〜25% greater than intron losses and the mitochondrial RP genes were intronless at the time of endosymbiosis. We propose that eukaryotic introns function as carriers for non-coding RNAs and, through the process of intron gain and loss, may affect the level and variation of expression of non-coding RNAs. Consequently, the speciation of eukaryotes may have occurred through the process of intron gain and loss during evolution, giving birth to various present-day biological systems.

众所周知，真核基因中存在许多剪接体内含子。这些内含子是DNA序列的额外位，在将基因转录为RNA之后，必须将其剪接出来（因此，剪接体含有内含子）。应该提出的两个自然问题是当他们做这些内含子起源时，它们的角色是什么？解决这些问题对于理解基因组的演变至关重要。我们已经进行了以下工作：（1）构建核糖体蛋白（RP）基因的数据库；（2）构建小型核RNA（SNORNAS）数据库；（3）在真核演化过程中内含子增益和损失过程的推断；（4）线粒体和细胞质RP基因的比较；（5）使用斑马鱼对内含子进行分析。结果表明，整体内含子的增长比内含子损失大约25％，而在内共生生生时，线粒体RP基因是无固有的。我们建议真核生物充当非编码RNA的载体，并且通过内含子增益和损失的过程，可能会影响非编码RNA表达的水平和变化。因此，真核生物的规范可能是通过进化过程中内含子的增益和损失的过程发生的，从而诞生了各种当今的生物系统。