Determinants of Comparative Advantages and Disadvantages in the IT Industries in Japan

日本IT产业的比较优势和劣势的决定因素

基本信息

批准号：
14530024
负责人：
ONIKI Hajime
金额：
$ 1.98万
依托单位：
Osaka Gakuin University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The objective of this project was to investigate the determinants of comparative advantages and disadvantages in the IT industries in Japan, that is to say, to characterize what is called Japan-type corporations. The main focus was to consider information media used for the governance and decision making in Japan-type corporations. In particular, we tested the following hypothesis : "Japanese IT corporations, on the one hand, have comparative advantages in producing small and integrated products such as parts and equipment for computers and other electronic products." Japanese corporations exhibit the capability of deep coordination, which is useful in the production of small and integrated products. On the other hand, Japanese corporations are not so good in open and wide coordination ; as a consequence, Japanese corporations have comparative disadvantages in producing what is called network-type products such as computer softwares and telecommunications-network services. One of the major reasons of this lies in that, in Japanese corporations, the use of documented information is limited at a level far lower than in western corporations ; it is understood that the use of documented information is necessary for conducting wide and open coordination.In this project, evidences are collected to prove the hypothesis stated above affirmatively. The evidences collected, although still at the level of fragmented information, are composed of 'documents used for public regulation', particularly in telecommunications, by the Japanese and U.S.government, "text-book materials representing the essential contents of corporate governance in U.S. and Japan". It is found that, for both of the two cases, U.S.documents exhibit more systematic and extensive compositions and contents, which are considered to be the basis of wide coordination in U.S.governments and corporations.

该项目的目的是调查日本IT行业比较优势和缺点的决定因素，也就是说，是为了表征所谓的日本型公司。主要重点是考虑用于日本型公司的治理和决策的信息媒体。特别是，我们检验了以下假设：“一方面，日本IT公司在生产小型和集成产品（例如计算机和其他电子产品的零件和设备）方面具有比较优势。”日本公司表现出深层协调的能力，可用于生产小型综合产品。另一方面，日本公司在开放和广泛的协调方面并不那么出色。结果，日本公司在生产所谓的网络类型产品（例如计算机软件和电信网络网络服务）方面存在比较缺点。其主要原因之一在于，在日本公司中，使用已记录的信息的使用在远低于西方公司的水平上。可以理解，在进行广泛和开放的协调方面，必须使用已记录的信息。在本项目中，收集了证据以证明上述假设肯定。收集的证据虽然仍处于分散信息的水平，但由日本和美国政府的“用于公共监管的文件”，特别是在电信中，“代表美国和日本公司治理基本内容的教科书材料”。已经发现，在这两个案例中，美国规定表现出更多的系统和广泛的作品和内容，这被认为是美国政府和公司中广泛协调的基础。