The Criminal Justice System under the New Lay-judge System

新非专业法官制度下的刑事司法制度

基本信息

批准号：
14520078
负责人：
OSAWA Yutaka
金额：
$ 0.77万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14520078/
关键词：
Saiban-in preparation for trial discovery sorting out of the contested issues exclusion of prejudice right to silence

项目摘要

The "saiban-in" system depends on the "new preparatory procedure" for trial presided by the court, especially the discovery of evidence and sorting out of the contested issues through that procedure.Though some commentators argue that all the materials in the prosecutor's hand should be disclosed to the defense side before opening the trial session, it would not succeed in balancing the conflicting interests between the public and the defendant. Because the purpose of the defense discovery of evidence through the "new preparatory procedure" is to sort out the contested issues, it seems reasonable to adopt the step by step procedure where, at the first step, the prosecutor is obligated to disclose his/her case and evidence to be used, and only after the defense case is disclosed, prosecutor is obligated to conduct the second step disclosure of the materials relevant to the contested issues. But there are some kinds of evidence which are, as a rule, material for preparing the defense case and are rarely abused in their nature. It would also fit the purpose of the "new preparatory procedure" to obligate the prosecutor to disclose categorically such kinds of evidence even before the defense case is disclosed.Under the new system, as a rule, the defense case cannot be brought into trial unless it is not disclosed in advance in the "new preparatory procedure". It would not violate the constitutional guarantee of the privilege against self-incrimination, because no statement is "forced". The "new preparatory procedure", presided even by the trial court judge, would not violate the principle of the exclusion of prejudice, which is to prohibit the trial judge to receive one-side information from any parties before trial.In addition to the issue above, the number of professional judge and lay judge composing the collegiate panel is considered.

“ Saiban-In”系统取决于法院主持的审判的“新准备程序”，尤其是发现证据并通过该程序解决有争议的问题。尽管有些评论员认为，检察官手中的所有材料都应在打开辩护方面向辩护方披露，在开放审判之前，它将在公众和捍卫者之间取得成功。因为通过“新的准备程序”进行辩护发现证据的目的是解决有争议的问题，因此采用逐步逐步的程序是合理的，在第一步中，检察官有义务使用他/她的案件和证据，并且只有在辩护案件中披露，辩护案件才能披露，检察官有义务进行第二项材料相关问题的披露。但是，通常有一些证据是准备辩护案件的材料，并且很少滥用其性质。这也将适合“新准备程序”的目的，即使检察官甚至在披露辩护案件之前就必须披露此类证据。通常，除非新制度，否则辩护案件不能在“新准备程序”中提前披露。它不会违反对自我罪的特权的宪法保证，因为没有陈述“强制”。即使是由初审法院法官主持的“新准备程序”，也不会违反排除偏见的原则，这是为了禁止审判法官在审判前从任何当事方获得一方信息，此外，考虑到上述问题，专业法官的数量和外行法官的数量和外行法官被考虑。