Development and disorders of human infants' and other primates' understanding of other's gaze and facial expression : Reexamination into social referencing

人类婴儿和其他灵长类动物对他人凝视和面部表情理解的发育和障碍：社会参考的重新审视

• 批准号: 14310061
• 负责人: ENDO Toshihiko
• 金额: $ 4.54万
• 依托单位: Kyoto University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2002 至 2005
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14310061/
• 关键词: infancy; gaze understanding; understanding of emotion expression; joint attention; social referencing; caregivers' reading of infants' inner subjective state; caregivers' manipulation of infants' attention; evolution of gaze understanding; 初期コミュニケ

The main purpose of our research project was to investigate the developmental process and mechanism of infants' gaze- and emotional expression- understanding through focusing upon joint attention and social referencing. In order to attain to that goal, firstly, we reviewed previous studies on human infants' gaze- and emotion expression understandings, including the researches concerning other primates', and discussed those theoretical implications and some unsolved problems. On the basis of such theoretical review, we assumed infants' joint attention and social referencing to be not intra-individual competences but inter-individual or relational phenomena, and planned to explicate caregivers' role in those occurrence and development. As a result, we could partially shed light on the developmental process of social referencing, i.e. from the "involved" style (infants' behavior modulation through their being passively involved in caregivers' emotions), via the "scaffolded" style (infants' behavior modulation through their being scaffolded by caregivers' concerns for infants' attention and intention), to "autonomously referencing" style (infants' behavior modulation through their own autonomously referencing caregivers' emotions). In addition, we observed the daily interactions between infants and their caregivers at their homes, and obtained the results suggesting that caregivers' tendency of mental attribution to a variety of infants' behaviors could influence caregivers' usage of mental-state words, manipulation of infants' attention, and infants' development of gaze understanding including joint attention and social referencing.

我们的研究项目的主要目的是研究婴儿注视和情感表达的发展过程和机制 - 通过关注共同关注和社会参考来理解。首先，为了实现这一目标，我们审查了先前关于人类婴儿的凝视和情感表达理解的研究，包括有关其他灵长类动物的研究，并讨论了这些理论上的含义和一些未解决的问题。在这种理论综述的基础上，我们假设婴儿的共同关注和社会参考不是个体内部的能力，而是个体间或关系现象，并计划在发生和发展的人们中阐明看护者在发生和发展中的作用。 As a result, we could partially shed light on the developmental process of social referencing, i.e. from the "involved" style (infants' behavior modulation through their being passively involved in caregivers' emotions), via the "scaffolded" style (infants' behavior modulation through their being scaffolded by caregivers' concerns for infants' attention and intention), to "autonomously referencing" style (infants' behavior modulation through their own autonomously referencing照顾者的情绪）。此外，我们观察到婴儿与他们的护理人员之间的每日相互作用，并获得了结果，表明护理人员对各种婴儿行为的精神归因趋势可能会影响护理人员对精神态词的使用，对婴儿的注意力操纵以及婴儿的注意力以及注视的凝视对待，包括关注和社交参考。

项目成果

読む目・読まれる目:視線理解の進化と発達の心理学

阅读的眼睛和被阅读的眼睛：凝视理解的进化和发展心理学

• 发表时间: 2005
• 作者: 藤原勝紀;皆藤 章外1名;藤原勝紀外2名;藤原 勝紀;藤原勝紀;鈴木晶子;鈴木 晶子;藤原勝紀;杉本 均外1名;遠藤利彦
• 通讯作者: 遠藤利彦

What is unknown function of human emotion?

人类情感的未知功能是什么？

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: Science Journal KAGAKU 75(6)
• 作者: Hajime Yoshida;Ichiro Ohkawa;Noriaki Tsuchida;Toshihiko Endo
• 通讯作者: Toshihiko Endo

感情的知性をどう育むか

如何培养情商

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: 教育と医学 53巻(11)
• 作者: 堀 哲夫;進藤聡彦;山梨県上野原市立巌中学校;藤原勝紀;藤原勝紀;藤原勝紀;藤原勝紀;遠藤利彦;藤原勝紀;藤原勝紀;藤原 勝紀;遠藤 利彦;角野善弘;角野 善宏;藤原勝紀;杉本 均;遠藤利彦;遠藤利彦;遠藤利彦;遠藤利彦;藤原 勝紀;杉本 均;遠藤 利彦;遠藤 利彦;遠藤 利彦;遠藤 利彦;角野善弘;遠藤利彦
• 通讯作者: 遠藤利彦

子どもに育てたい社会性とは何か

您想培养孩子什么样的社交技能？

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: 児童心理 800
• 作者: 遠藤 利彦

キーワードコレクション発達心理学(「社会化・アタッチメント他」)

发展心理学关键词集（“社会化、依恋等”）

• 发表时间: 2004
• 作者: 遠藤 利彦