MOLECULAR MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PLANTS

植物间化学通讯的分子机制

基本信息

批准号：
14204076
负责人：
TAKABAYASHI Junji
金额：
$ 36.19万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

When infested by herbivores, plants emit specific blend of volatiles that attract carnivorous natural enemies of herbivores. Such volatiles can be SOS signal of infested plants. Thus, the emission of herbivore-induced volatiles can be considered to be "induced-indirect defense of plants against herbivores". In this study, we extended the idea of induced-indirect defense, and proposed new idea of ""indirect-interaction webs" in which qualitative and/or quantitative changes in plant traits enhance the diversity of interaction networks in tritrophic systems consisting of plants, herbivorous and carnivorous arthropods. This idea shows new approaches clarifying the role of plant-plant interactions in ecosystems. We also investigated the mechanisms involved in the plant-plant interactions mediated by herbivore-induced plant volatiles. We established a new methods using equorin protein to analyze the molecular mechanisms involved in plant-plant interactions. We found that that lima bean leaves emitted volatiles through the adsorption process after the exposure to herbivore-induced plant volatiles. In addition, we also found that herbivore-induced plant volatiles-exposed leaves emitted larger amounts of herbivore-induced plant volatiles in response to the infestation by T. urticae than leaves exposed to unifested leaf volatiles. We therefore conclude that both adsorption and production of volatiles can mediate the attraction of carnivorous mites to plants that have been exposed to volatiles from infested neighbors. Further, as new viewpoints, we found that (1)extra-floral nectar was induced in plants in response to the exposure of herbivore-induced plant volatiles, and (2)the exposure of herbivore-induced plant volatiles resulted in the root and tricome formation. We also made mathematical models to test the hypothesis that plant-plant interaction is the adaptive to the volatile receiving plants.

当受到食草动物侵扰时，植物会释放出特定的挥发物混合物，吸引食草动物的肉食性天敌。这些挥发物可以是受感染植物的求救信号。因此，食草动物诱导的挥发物的排放可以被认为是“植物针对食草动物的诱导间接防御”。在这项研究中，我们扩展了诱导间接防御的思想，提出了“间接相互作用网络”的新思想，其中植物性状的定性和/或定量变化增强了由植物组成的三营养系统中相互作用网络的多样性，我们还研究了食草动物诱导的植物挥发物介导的植物间相互作用的机制。建立了一种利用雌发光蛋白来分析植物与植物相互作用的分子机制的方法，我们发现利马豆叶子在接触食草动物诱导的植物挥发物后会通过吸附过程释放出挥发物。与暴露于未侵染的叶子挥发物的叶子相比，暴露于诱导的植物挥发物的叶子响应二斑绦虫的侵染而释放出更大量的草食动物诱导的植物挥发物。因此，我们得出结论，挥发物的吸附和产生都可以介导肉食螨对暴露于受感染邻居挥发物的植物的吸引力。此外，作为新的观点，我们发现（1）植物中因暴露于食草动物诱导的植物挥发物而诱导出花外花蜜，（2）暴露于食草动物诱导的植物挥发物导致根和毛状体的形成形成。我们还建立了数学模型来检验植物与植物之间的相互作用对挥发性接收植物具有适应性的假设。