Religious Meaning and Artistic Form of Greek and Roman Myth

希腊罗马神话的宗教意义与艺术形式

• 批准号: 02301070
• 负责人: OKA Michi
• 金额: $ 4.29万
• 依托单位: Kyoto Univeristy
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1990 至 1991
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-02301070/
• 关键词: Greek Myth; Roman Myth; Homer; Hesiod; Pindar; Aeschylus; Sophocles; Euripides; ギリシア・ラテン文学; 二重の動機づけ

Although myths relating the deeds of heroes and gods naturally reflect the religious attitudes of peoples who tell them, those that evolve to refined literary forms tend to lose their fresh religious meanings. However, the dynamic development of the Greek and Roman myths incorporated in Greek and Latin literature can be explained only by the fact that the poets endeavored not merely to retain and deepen their religious meanings but also to find the most artistic manner of expressing.Homer's myths attain a high degree of artistic refinement. Hesiod, on the other hand, tried to express simple religious feelings in a rationalistic way, and, in the tragedies of Aeschylus and Sophocles in particular, literary forms were perfected while myths were made to yield their deeper religious meanings. However, this harmonious blending of religion and literature, which is also to be found in the poems of Pindar as well as in the works of Herodotus and Plato, was soon lost with the conscious and non-traditional exploitation of myths practiced by Euripides.In Hellenism, the artistic forms were brought to perfection while religious meanings were wholly lost : myths became mere vessels to contain the literary messages of the poets. Even though the Romans inherited the Hellenistic literary treatment of traditional myths from the Greeks, their myths never lost their deep religious feeling or their relationship with native rituals and festivals, probably because the Romans identified the myths with events in their own history.

尽管有关英雄和神的事迹的神话自然地反映了讲述这些故事的人们的宗教态度，但那些演变为精致的文学形式的神话往往会失去其新鲜的宗教含义。然而，希腊和罗马神话在希腊和拉丁文学中的蓬勃发展只能通过这样一个事实来解释：诗人不仅努力保留和深化其宗教意义，而且还努力寻找最具艺术性的表达方式。 荷马神话达到高度的艺术修养。而赫西奥德则试图以理性主义的方式表达简单的宗教情感，特别是在埃斯库罗斯和索福克勒斯的悲剧中，文学形式得到了完善，神话则产生了更深层次的宗教意义。然而，在品达的诗歌以及希罗多德和柏拉图的作品中也可以找到这种宗教与文学的和谐融合，但很快就随着欧里庇得斯有意识地、非传统地利用神话而消失了。在希腊化时代，艺术形式达到了完美，而宗教意义却完全丧失了：神话变成了承载诗人文学信息的容器。尽管罗马人从希腊人那里继承了希腊化文学对传统神话的处理方式，但他们的神话从未失去其深厚的宗教感情或与本土仪式和节日的关系，这可能是因为罗马人将神话与自己历史中的事件联系起来。