Probing the cognitive brain functions with the oculomotor system

用动眼神经系统探索大脑的认知功能

基本信息

批准号：
13854029
负责人：
ISA Tadashi
金额：
$ 78.62万
依托单位：
National Institute for Physiological Sciences (2004-2005)Okazaki National Research Institutes (2001-2003)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In this study, we studied the fundamental structure of the neural circuits controlling saccades and how the activity of the circuits can be modulated in a context dependent manner.(1)At the local circuits level, we clarified the neural mechanism of burst generation of the neurons in the deeper layer of the superior colliculus (SC). We found that the burst is generated via NMDA receptor-mediated transmission and local recurrent network. Release from GABAergic inhibition is essential for the circuit to exhibit burst.(2)We recorded the activities of neurons in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTN), which is the origin of cholinergic input to the SC, during visually guided saccade task. We have found that a group of PPTN neurons showed tonic discharge while monkeys are fixating the fixation point and make saccades. When a large reward volume was expected, the neuron showed higher activity, while when small reward was predicted, the activity was low. These results suggest that these … More PPTN neurons encode predicted reward. Considering that the PPTN neurons project to the dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, which have been shown to encode reward prediction error, activity of the PPTN neurons were supposed to be used for calculation of reward prediction error at the dopamine neurons.(3)We investigated the saccades of monkeys with unilateral lesion of the primary visual cortex (V1) in monkeys. These monkeys with V1 lesion could perform visually guided saccades to the target presented in the blind field. These monkeys could perform memory guided saccades to the cue in the blind field and could exert top down attention to the cue in the blind field. These results suggested that the visual information through the pathway bypassing the V1 can trigger working memory and the visual processing in the pathway is under the influence of top down attention.(4)We have established the high speed video oculography to detect saccades in mice. Saccade-like rapid eye movements could be induced by SC stimulation in mice. Thus, we have established the experimental system to study the molecular basis of cognitive functions using mice model. Less

在这项研究中，我们研究了控制扫视的神经元的基本结构，以及如何以上下文依赖性方式调节电路的活性。（1）在局部电路级别上，我们阐明了超级胶原素（SC）中较深层神经元爆发神经元突发产生神经元的神经机制。我们发现爆发是通过NMDA受体介导的传输和局部复发网络生成的。（2）在视觉指导性的扫视任务期间，我们记录了在Pedunculopontine Technologus（PPTN）中释放GABA能抑制。我们发现，一组PPTN神经元在猴子固定固定点并制作扫视时显示了补体排放。当预期奖励量大时，神经元显示出较高的活性，而预测奖励很小时，活性较低。这些结果表明，这些……更多的PPTN神经元编码预测的奖励。 Considering that the PPTN neurons project to the dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, which have been shown to encode reward prediction error, activity of the PPTN neurons were expected to be used for calculation of reward prediction error at the dopamine neurons.(3)We investigated the saccades of monkeys with unilateral lesion of the primary visual cortex (V1) in monkeys.这些带有V1病变的猴子可以对盲田呈现的目标进行视觉引导的扫视。这些猴子可以在盲区中进行记忆，以指导扫视到盲区的提示，并可以使人们对盲区的提示进行自上而下的注意。这些结果表明，通过绕过V1的路径的视觉信息可以触发工作记忆，并且路径中的视觉处理受到自上而下注意的影响。（4）我们已经建立了高速视频眼镜图以检测小鼠的扫视。小鼠的SC刺激可以诱导扫视样的快速眼动。这是我们建立了实验系统，以使用小鼠模型来研究认知功能的分子基础。较少的