Evolution of life forms and mycorrhizal relationships in Cymbidium

蕙兰生命形式的进化和菌根关系

• 批准号: 13640708
• 负责人: YUKAWA Tomohisa
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: National Science Museum
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13640708/
• 关键词: life form; epiphytism; parasitism; Cymbidium; Orchidaceae; mycorrhiza; molecular systematics; organography; 菌寄生

Cymbidium Sw., an orchid genus distributed from. East and Southeast Asia to Australia, comprises about 50 species. The genus exhibits distinctive ecological diversification and occurs in terrestrial, epiphytic, and lithophytic life forms. Moreover, Cymbidium section Pachirhizanthe lacks foliage leaves and has an obligate mycotrophic nutritional existence. In this study correlation between various morphological and anatomical characters and ecological characters was tested for most species of Cymbidium and its sister groups. Furthermore, a molecular phylogenetic tree of Cymbidium (Yukawa et al.2002) was used to examine phylogenetic constraint of these characters. The following insights were provided : (1)In Cymbidium, lithophytic and terrestrial life forms were likely to be derived from epiphytic habitat at least three times. (2)The obligate mycotrophic lineage, Cymbidium section Pachyrhizanthe diverged from a terrestrial progenitor. (3)The seed of epiphytic species showed higher hydrop … More hilicity and larger dimensions than that of terrestrial species. (4)The seed size of obligate mycotrophic species decreased greatly in comparison with its sister photosynthetic species. (5)Development of ramified rhizomes was found only in terrestrial species. We found that this type of the rhizome is the principal dwelling for mycorrhizal fungi. (6)In this genus, development of sclerenchymatous fibers in leaves is correlated to the degree of epiphytism. (7)Differentiation of palisade tissue and amphistomaty are likely adapted to high light stress because the species possessing these characters inhabit trees at exposed positions. (8)Orchid-type endomycorrhizal fungi and tree ectomycorrhizal fungi were found in Cymbidium roots and/or rhizomes. Although terrestrial Cymbidium species symbiose with both types of fungi, epiphytic species show symbiosis only with Orchid-type endomycorrhizal fungi. On the other hand, obligate mycotrophic species symbiose exclusively with tree ectomycorrhizal fungi. Less

兰花属（Cymbidium Sw.），分布于东亚和东南亚至澳大利亚，包括约 50 个物种，该属表现出独特的生态多样性，以陆生、附生和石生生命形式出现。在这项研究中，测试了大多数物种的各种形态和解剖特征与生态特征之间的相关性。此外，还使用了蕙兰的分子系统发育树（Yukawa et al.2002）来检查这些性状的系统发育限制：（1）在蕙兰中，石生和陆生生命形式。 (2)专性菌营养谱系，蕙兰科厚花(3) 附生物种的种子比陆生物种表现出更高的亲水性和更大的尺寸。 (4) 与其姐妹光合物种相比，专性真菌营养物种的种子尺寸大大减小。 5）分枝根茎的发育仅在陆生物种中发现。我们发现这种类型的根茎是菌根的主要栖息地。 (6)在该属中，叶子中厚壁组织纤维的发育与附生程度相关。(7)栅栏组织和双生结构的分化可能适应强光胁迫，因为具有这些特征的物种栖息在暴露的位置。 (8)在蕙兰根和/或根茎中发现兰型内生菌根真菌和树外生菌根真菌。陆生蕙兰种与两种真菌共生，附生种仅与兰科内生菌根真菌共生，而专性菌营养种仅与树外生菌根真菌共生。

项目成果

Yukawa, T., Stern, W.L.: "Comparative vegetative anatomy and systematics of Cymbidium(Cymbidieae, Orchidaceae)"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 138. 383-419 (2002)

Yukawa, T., Stern, W.L.：“蕙兰（兰科，兰科）的比较营养解剖学和系统学”林奈学会植物学杂志。

Yukawa, T., K.Miyoshi, J.Yokoyama: "Molecular phylogeny and character evolution of Cymbidium (Orchidaceae)"Bulletin of National Science Museum, Tokyo, Ser. B. 28. 129-139 (2002)

Yukawa, T., K.Miyoshi, J.Yokoyama：“蕙兰（兰科）的分子系统发育和性状进化”国立科学博物馆通报，东京，系列。

Yukawa, T., K.Miyoshi, J.Yokoyama: "Molecular phylogeny and character evolution of Cymbidium(Orchidaceae)."Bulletin of National Science Museum, Tokyo, Ser.B. 28. 129-139 (2002)

Yukawa, T., K.Miyoshi, J.Yokoyama：“蕙兰（兰科）的分子系统发育和性状进化。”国立科学博物馆通报，东京，Ser.B。

Yukawa, T.: "Cymbidium wadae(Orchidaceae) - a new species from Thailand"Annals of the Tsukuba Botanical Garden. 21. 135-138 (2002)

Yukawa, T.：“Cymbidium wadae（兰科）-来自泰国的新物种”筑波植物园年鉴。

Yukawa, T., Stern, W.L.: "Comparative vegetative anatomy and systematics of Cymbidium(Cymbidieae, Orchidaceae)"Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. (in press).

Yukawa, T., Stern, W.L.：“蕙兰（兰科，兰科）的比较营养解剖学和系统学”林奈学会植物学杂志。