lnter-regional Competitions and the Transition to the Factory System in English Textile Industries

英国纺织工业的区域间竞争和向工厂制度的转变

• 批准号: 13630084
• 负责人: SAKAMAKI Kiyoshi
• 金额: $ 0.58万
• 依托单位: Tohoku University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13630084/
• 关键词: inter-regional competition; gentleman clothier; industrial moral economy; embezzlement; satisfaction; spinning factory; factor; cloth market; モラル・エコノミー; 工場制度; 専門的商人; 家父長主義; 問屋制度; ロンドン商人; 遺産目録; 産業的モラル・エコノミー; 織布工; ブラックウェル・ホール

There were various factors in competitions among regional textile industries before the British industrial revolution. I focus on the following points; how the industrial moral economy was in each regional industry and how it was overcome, how cloths were transmitted from manufacturers to markets, especially whether tradesmen and merchants were general dealers or special ones and whether they could give manufacturers quick and correct information of fashions among consumers or not. In the woolen industry of West of England where social and cultural gaps were very big between gentleman clothiers and domestic workers, the latter were persistent with the industrial moral economy and resisted against gentleman clothiers who were often justices of the peace. As the clothiers depended on agents and general merchants in London markets, they delayed in responding to changes of fashions and in introducing spinning machines to construct factories. It is clearly contrasted with the Lancashire cot … More ton industry, in which manufacturers overcome the industrial moral economy in the section of spinning at the end of the 18^<th> century, developing new markets through Liverpool, and realizing free competition among spinners, that is, the political economy, to construct factories with spinning machines. On the other hand, embezzlement was one of the most important factors of industrial moral economy and domestic workers regarded it as 'perquisite', while clothiers and government had tried to prohibit it by many acts since the 16^<th> century. In the 16^<th> and 17^<th> centuries, they could settled embezzlement by satisfaction under the acts, but from 1749, embezzlement was punished immediately as a crime, with clarification of idea of property right. Those acts were intensified especially in regions of worsted industry which developed large putting out system, though its market was undermined by cotton. As for the London cloth market and merchants, I only surveyed works of various fields of London history, to prepare for a research into the subject. Less

英国工业革命之前，区域纺织工业之间的竞争存在多种因素，我重点讨论以下几点：工业道德经济在各个区域工业中是如何存在的以及如何克服的，布料是如何从制造商传递到市场的。商人和商人是一般经销商还是特殊经销商，以及他们能否向制造商提供消费者中快速、正确的时尚信息。在英格兰西部的羊毛工业中，绅士服装商和家庭工人之间的社会和文化差距很大。后者坚守工业道德由于服装商依赖于伦敦市场的代理商和一般商人，他们对时尚的变化和引进纺纱机建造工厂的延迟形成了鲜明的对比。兰开夏郡吨工业，18世纪末，制造商克服了纺纱领域的工业道德经济，通过利物浦开拓新市场，实现纺纱厂之间的自由竞争，即政治上的竞争。另一方面，贪污是工业道德经济中最重要的因素之一，国内工人将其视为“额外津贴”，而服装商和政府自改革开放以来一直试图通过许多行为来禁止这种行为。 16世纪在16世纪和17世纪，他们可以根据法案通过满意的方式解决贪污问题，但从1749年开始，贪污行为立即受到惩罚。随着产权观念的明确，这些行为尤其在精纺工业地区加剧，尽管其市场受到棉花的破坏。至于伦敦布料市场和商人，我只调查了作品。伦敦历史各个领域的知识，为该主题的研究做好准备。

项目成果

坂巻 清: "ロンドン史"社会経済史学会編社会経済史学の課題と展望所収. 101-110 (2002)

Kiyoshi Sakamaki：《伦敦历史》，由社会和经济史学会编辑，收录于《社会和经济史的问题和观点》101-110 (2002)。

SAKAMAKI,Kiyoshi: "Gentleman Clothiers and the Moral Economy of Weavers in the West of England in the Eighteenth Century"Tohoku Management and Accounting Research Group, Discussion Paper. No.63. 1-31

坂卷清：“十八世纪英格兰西部的绅士服装商和织工的道德经济”东北管理和会计研究小组，讨论论文。

坂巻 清: "ロンドン史"社会経済史学会編『社会経済史学の課題と展望』(有斐閣). 469-479 (2002)

坂卷清：《伦敦史》，社会经济史学会编，《社会经济史的挑战与前景》（Yuhikaku）469-479（2002）。

坂巻 清: "原料着服禁止立法の展開"Mimeo. 1-12 (2003)

Kiyoshi Sakamaki：“禁止盗用原材料的立法的制定”Mimeo 1-12 (2003)。

坂巻 清: "ロンドン史"社会経済史学会編 『社会経済史学の課題と展望』 所収. 101-110 (2002)

Kiyoshi Sakamaki：《伦敦历史》，由社会和经济史学会编辑，收录于《社会和经济史问题与展望》101-110 (2002)。