Research on Reality and Comparation on legal issues about Sports and Broadcasting among EU, Germany and Japan

欧盟、德国、日本体育广播法律问题的现实与比较研究

• 批准号: 13620023
• 负责人: MURAKAMI Takenori
• 金额: $ 1.22万
• 依托单位: Osaka University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13620023/
• 关键词: broadcasting rights; news summaries of sports events; monopoly on news; constitutional rights of sports events' organisers; global access; subscription television and public broadcasters; international broadcasting systems; japanese custom of sport

After two years of our research, we could investigate the actual situation and legal problems of sportsevents and broadcasting rights among the EU, Germany and Japan.(1) At first we have analyzed the so called shorttimebroadcasting case by the German Federal Constitutional Court. In February 1998, in a dispute between public broadcasters and the Soccer Federation supported by the German Government, the German Federal Constitutional Court ruled that television stations should not be allowed to broadcast short highlights of professional sports and -other events without paying broadcasting rights. In its ruling, the court asked the legislature to amend, at the latest within the next five years, a 1991 law which was adopted by 16 German states allowing broadcasters to show up to 90 seconds of short broadcasts at no cost. The court pointed out the importance of such news summaries. They were necessary to prevent a monopoly on news. The quality of news could only be preserved as long as they did not come from a single source. The court, however, stressed as well that giving these broadcasting rights for free to the TV stations did violate constitutional rights of the sports events' organisers.(2) Secondly in our research we concentrated on the historical background of broadcasting rights, criticism or appreciation about the decision of the German Federal Constitutional Court and summarized the international discussion about "Global Access". We compared the legal backgrounds of broadcasting systems between Europe, the United States of America and Japan. Especially, as the first academic reseach in Japan, we investigated- and enlightened on Japanese customs among broadcasters as to broadcasting of sportsevents.

经过两年的研究，我们可以调查欧盟，德国和日本之间体育运动和广播权的实际情况和法律问题。（1）起初，我们分析了德国联邦宪法法院所谓的ShorttimeBroadcasting案。 1998年2月，在德国政府支持的公共广播公司与足球联合会之间的争议中，德国联邦宪法法院裁定，不应允许电视台播放专业运动和其他活动的简短亮点，而无需支付广播权。法院在其裁决中要求立法机关在未来五年内最新修改1991年的法律，该法律被16个德国国家通过，允许广播公司无需支付长达90秒的短广播。法院指出了此类新闻摘要的重要性。它们是防止新闻垄断的必要条件。只要他们不是来自单一来源，新闻质量才能保留。然而，法院也强调，将这些广播权免费授予电视台确实侵犯了体育赛事组织者的宪法权利。（2）在我们的研究中，我们集中于广播权，批评或赞赏的历史背景关于德国联邦宪法法院的决定，并总结了有关“全球访问”的国际讨论。我们比较了欧洲，美利坚合众国和日本之间广播系统的法律背景。尤其是，作为日本的第一次学术提议，我们在广播公司中对日本海关进行了调查，并启发了运动开发的广播。

项目成果

アンドレアス・シェラー: "スポーツとテレビ報道に関する比較法研究-短時間ニュース報道権のユニバーサル・アクセスおよび日本的慣行"阪大法学. 53巻1号. (2003)

安德烈亚斯·谢勒（Andreas Scherer）：“体育和电视报道的比较法研究 - 短时间新闻报道权的普遍获得和日本实践”大阪大学法，第 53 卷，第 1 期（2003 年）。

アンドレアス・シェラー: "スポーツとテレビ報道をめぐる法律問題の比較研究 -短時間ニュース報道権、ユニバーサル・アクセスおよび日本的慣行-"阪大法学. 53巻1号. 143-212 (2003)

安德烈亚斯·谢勒（Andreas Scherer）：“体育和电视报道相关法律问题的比较研究 - 短时新闻报道权、普遍获取和日本实践”《大阪大学法》第 53 卷，第 1. 143-212 期（2003 年）。

Andreas SCHELLER: "A research of legal problems of sports events on television - news summaries of sports events, universal access and the Japanese practice of broadcasting sports news -"Osaka Law Review. Vol.53 No.1 No.223) May. 143-212 (2003)

安德烈亚斯·谢勒（Andreas SCHELLER）：“电视体育赛事法律问题的研究 - 体育赛事新闻摘要、普遍接入和日本广播体育新闻的实践 -”《大阪法律评论》。