RESEARCH ON THE FORMATION OF HAKKA IDENTITY AMONG MODERN HAKKA PUBLIC FIGURES

现代客家公众人物客家身份的形成研究

• 批准号: 13610352
• 负责人: SEGAWA Masahisa
• 金额: $ 0.64万
• 依托单位: TOHOKU UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13610352/
• 关键词: Hakka Chinese; early modern China; public figures; Sun Yat-sen; Chen Qiongming; Chen Mingshu; ethnic identity; personal identity and collective identity; 孫中山; 陳とう明; 広東省; 系譜; 人脈; アイデンティティー; 中国近代史; 〓小平

Review of the life history of so called "Hakka" heroes in martial or political scene of early Modern China such as Sun Yat-sen, Chen Mingshu, and Chen Qiongming suggests that their identification as Hakka was merely a result of speculation made by some Hakka ideologues of later days rather than derived directly from their own articulation in their lifetime. Through the analysis of the formative process of discourse on their "Hakkaness", I found two patterns of association that were frequently followed by Hakka ideologues in their efforts to prove the Hakka origin of these heroes. One is the association based on the native place or the name of the prefecture where these heroes were born. Once they were identified as originated from a region containing some speakers of Hakka dialect, they were immediately classified as Hakka. Another pattern is the association based on the genealogical investigations which trace back their ancesty. If there found any slight possibility of genealogical connection to a Hakka family line, they were automatically treated as Hakka descendants. In both cases, it does not a matter how these persons identified themselves and used their ethnic label in their course of life. Native place and patrilineal descent were very essential attributes of a person in late imperial China. We can see that Hakka ideologues who aimed at praising and enhancing the ethnic "superiority" of Hakka invoked these traditional patterns very skillfully in making the "Hakkaness" of these public figures socio-culturally acceptable for other people.

回顾近代中国早期军事政治舞台上的所谓“客家”英雄，如孙中山、陈明枢、陈琼明等人的人生史，我们发现他们的客家人身份只是一些客家人的猜测。后世的思想家，而不是直接源自他们生前的阐述。通过分析他们的“客家性”话语的形成过程，我发现了客家思想家在证明这些英雄的客家血统时经常遵循的两种联想模式。一种是以英雄出生地或县名为基础的协会。一旦确定他们起源于有一些说客家话的地区，他们就立即被归为客家。另一种模式是基于追溯其祖先的家谱调查的关联。如果发现有一点点与客家血统有血缘关系的可能性，就自动被视为客家后裔。在这两种情况下，这些人在生活中如何识别自己并使用他们的种族标签并不重要。在中华帝国晚期，籍贯和父系血统是一个人非常重要的属性。我们可以看到，旨在颂扬和增强客家民族“优越感”的客家思想家非常巧妙地援引了这些传统模式，使这些公众人物的“客家性”在社会文化上为其他人所接受。

项目成果

Masahisa SEGAWA: "Kantonshou Kaihouken no Kanzoku no chihoubunka to Souzoku (Local Culture and Lineage of Han Chinese in Haifeng, Guangdong Province)"Tohoku Asian Kenkyuu (Northeast Asian Studies). Vol.6. 1-25 (2002)

濑川雅久：《Kantonshou Kaihouken no Kanzoku no chihoubunka to Souzoku（广东省海丰汉族的地方文化和世系）》《东北亚洲研究》。

瀬川 昌久: "客家語と客家のエスニックバウンダリーについての再考"塚田誠之編中国における諸民族の移動と文化の動態(仮題)、風饗社。. (発表予定). (2002)

濑川正久：《客家语言与客家民族界限的再思考》，冢田正之主编（暂定名），冬社社。

瀬川 昌久: "広東省海豊県の漢族の地方文化と宗族"東北アジア研究. 6号. 1-25 (2002)

濑川正久：“广东省海丰县汉族的地方文化与部落”，东北亚研究，第6期，第1-25期（2002）。

瀬川 昌久(編著): "文化のディスプレイ-東北アジア諸社会における博物館、観光、そして民族文化の再編"風響杜. 262 (2003)

濑川正久（编辑）：“文化展示 - 博物馆、旅游和东北亚社会民族文化的重组” Fukyo Mori 262 (2003)。

Masahisa SEGAWA (Shigeyuki TSUKADA ed.): "Hakkago to Hakka no Ethnic Boundary ni kansuru Saikou (Some recondsideratins on the Hakka Dialect and hakka Ethnic Boundary)"Minzoku no Idou to Bunka no Doutai : Chuugoku Shuuenchiiki no Rekishi to Genzai (Ethnic

濑川雅久（冢田繁之主编）：《Hakkago to Hakka no Ethnic Boundary ni kansuru Saikou》（关于客家方言和客家民族边界的一些再思考）《Minzoku no Idou to Bunka no Doutai : Chuugoku Shuuenchiiki no Rekishi to Genzai》