Breeding for Heat Resistant and Perpetual Flowering Azaleas

耐热永花杜鹃花的选育

• 批准号: 12660031
• 负责人: SAKATA Yusuke
• 金额: $ 2.18万
• 依托单位: Kagoshima University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12660031/
• 关键词: Kurume azaleas; Hirado azaleas; Deciduous azaleas; Heat resistance; Hose-in-hose; Perpetual flowering; Flower color; Breeding; ミツバツツジ; クルメツッジ; 花色素; 生態育種; 四季咲性; 常緑性

(1) Introduction of heat resistance into deciduous azaleas and Kurume azaleas : Survived seedlings of F_1 hybrid from the crosses among deciduous azaleas and those from the cross of Rhododendron eriocarpum×Kurume azaleas grown under high temperature and high humid condition in Kagoshima region showed a heat and humid tolerant characteristics.(2) Introduction of perpetual flowering into Hirado azaleas : Most of the F_1 hybrids from the cross of R. oldhamii×Hirado azaleas flowered in early autumn to late winter season. Perpetual flowering property found in R. oldhamii was introduced into Hirado azaleas.(3) Introduction of evergreen leaves into deciduous azaleas : All F_1 hybrids from the crosses using R. tashiroi as a seed/pollen parent had evergreen leaves. Evergreen-property found in R. tashiroi was introduced into the seedlings of F_1 hybrid.(4) Introduction of flowers with double (hose-in-hose) petals into R. eriocarpum×Kurume azalea hybrids : Nearly 50% of F_1 hybrids from the crosses using Kurume azaleas as a pollen parent had flowers with hose-in-hose petals. It suggests that genes controlling hose-in-hose trait in Kurume azaleas are genetically dominant and genotypes of Kurume azalea are heterozygous.(5) Improvement of flower colors in deciduous azaleas, Kurume azaleas and Hirado azaleas : F_1 hybrids from the crosses among deciduous azaleas and those from the cross of Rhododendron eriocarpum×Kurume azaleas had a dominant light purplish-red flower color. F_1 hybrids from the cross of R. oldhamii×Hirado azaleas had a dominant light purplish-red flower color, recessive salmon flower color and intermediate color between parent plants. It suggests that the gene controlling delphinidin production is not genetically dominant and Hirado azalea has heterozygous genotype on the pigmentation of delphinidin.

(1) 向落叶杜鹃花和久留米杜鹃花引入耐热性：在鹿儿岛地区的高温高湿条件下生长的落叶杜鹃花与久留米杜鹃花杂交的落叶杜鹃花杂交的F_1杂种的存活幼苗表现出耐热性(2)平户杜鹃花永久开花的引种：大多数来自R. oldhamii×平户杜鹃花杂交的F_1杂交种在初秋至冬末开花，将R. oldhamii中发现的永久开花特性引入平户杜鹃花。(3)将常绿叶引入落叶杜鹃花：所有F_1杂交种均来自于R. oldhamii×平户杜鹃花。使用 R. tashiroi 作为种子/花粉亲本的杂交具有在 R. tashiroi 中发现的常绿特性。 (4)将双瓣(管中管)花引入苦瓜×久留米杜鹃花杂交种中:以久留米杜鹃花为花粉亲本的杂交F_1杂交种中近50%开花这表明控制久留米杜鹃花中软管性状的基因是遗传显性的，并且是久留米杜鹃花的基因型。 (5)落叶杜鹃花、久留米杜鹃花、平户杜鹃花花色的改良:落叶杜鹃花杂交和苦瓜杜鹃×久留米杜鹃花杂交的F_1杂种花色以浅紫红色为主。 R. oldhamii×平户杜鹃花杂交的 F_1 杂种具有显性浅紫红色花色、隐性鲑鱼花色和亲本植物之间的中间色表明，控制飞燕草素产生的基因不是遗传显性的，平户杜鹃在飞燕草素色素上具有杂合基因型。