The Cultural Conditions and Social Functions of ADR in the Rule-Oriented Society

规则社会中ADR的文化条件和社会功能

• 批准号: 12620002
• 负责人: OTA Shozo
• 金额: $ 1.92万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12620002/
• 关键词: ADR; Costs of Dispute Resolution; Knowledge ＆ Consciousness of Law; Social Order ＆ Norm; Spontaneous Order; ESS ＆ Stochastical Stability; Consumer Contract; Equal Division; 法文化; 社会秩序の法化; 支払意思額; 紛争解決行動調査; 進化論的文化論; 協力の進化; 秩序の創発; 裁判イメージ

Theoretical Achievements : The conditions for the emergence of social order, the properties of the emerged social order, and the dynamic of the emergence are analyzed with the help of evolutionary game theory. The social order is defined as an evolutionarily stable state and/or a stochastically stable state as well as a Nash equilibrium. The agents are assumed to make imperfectly rational decision (i.e., bounded rationality) under uncertainty (i.e., imperfect information).In concrete, one of the situations analyzed is what is called Ultimatum Game. I analyzed how a rule of cooperative equal division emerges in a dispute-like social interaction. Another situation analyzed is the consumer contract ; how cooperative trusting social order emerges in a state of nature (i.e., dog eats dog). I also analyzed the conditions for dispute settlement through lawyer negotiation (i.e., conditions for cooperative strategy selection).empirical Achievements : I conducted a questionnaire survey to 400 randomly sampled citizens in Kanto area. The questions are about people's knowledge, attitude, and evaluations on ADR and court procedures. The methodology is what is called vignette study with ANOVA. The vignettes include a product liability case, a traffic accident case, and a dishonest taxi driver case.I also included questions about WTP (willingness to pay) and WTA (willingness to accept) in terms of money and time for dispute resolution. This is to reveal whether courts are really costly and whether ADRs are really cheap.By this survey, I find how people make decision on using ADR and courts when faced with a dispute. Thus the ways to enhance people's access to justice are suggested.With the theoretical and empirical achievements stated above, I shed lights on the social functions of ADR and socio-economic conditions for dispute resolution mechanisms to function in the rule-oriented society.

理论成就：社会秩序出现的条件，出现的社会秩序的特性以及在进化游戏理论的帮助下分析了出现的动态。社会秩序被定义为进化稳定的状态和/或随机稳定的状态以及纳什平衡。假定代理人在不确定性（即不完美的信息）下做出不完美的理性决策（即有限理性）。在具体情况下，分析的情况之一就是所谓的最后通态游戏。我分析了合作规则平等的规则是如何在类似争议的社会互动中出现的。分析的另一种情况是消费者合同；合作信任的社会秩序如何以自然状态（即狗吃狗）出现。我还通过律师谈判（即合作策略选择条件）分析了争议解决的条件。经验成就：我对关东地区的400名随机采样公民进行了问卷调查。这些问题是关于人们对ADR和法院程序的知识，态度和评估。该方法是使用ANOVA的Vignette研究。小插图包括产品责任案件，交通事故案件和不诚实的出租车驾驶员案。我还包括有关WTP（愿意付款的意愿）和WTA（愿意接受的意愿）的问题，以解决争议解决。这是为了揭示法院是否真的很昂贵，以及ADR是否真的很便宜。通过这项调查，我发现人们在面临争议时如何决定使用ADR和法院。因此，提出了提高人们司法权的方法的方法。在上面所述的理论和经验成就的情况下，我阐明了ADR和社会经济条件的社会职能，以解决以规则为导向的社会中运作的争议解决机制。

项目成果

OTA, Shozo: "Evolution of Distributive Justice : Why people Prefer Equality? Ishikawa, New Development in Civil Procedure"Shojihomu (forthcoming). (2002)

OTA，Shozo：“分配正义的演变：为什么人们更喜欢平等？石川，民事诉讼的新发展”Shojihomu（即将出版）。

太田勝造: "社会科学の理論とモデル7 法律"東京大学出版会. 251 (2000)

太田胜三：《社会科学7法的理论与模型》东京大学出版社251（2000）。

OTA, Shozo: "Law (Vol.7 of Series : Theories and Models in Social Science)"University of Tokyo Press. 251 (2000)

OTA Shozo：“法（系列第7卷：社会科学的理论和模型）”东京大学出版社。

太田勝造: "紛争解決の価値と司法制度の価値:WTP概念とCVMの応用のための研究ノート"新堂幸司先生古希祝賀:民事訴訟法理論の新たな構築. 上巻. 67-96 (2001)

太田胜三：“争议解决的价值与司法制度的价值：WTP概念和CVM应用的研究笔记”新藤浩二的Koki庆祝：民事诉讼法理论的新建构第1卷。67-96（2001）。

OTA, Shozo: "Basic Theory of Civil Procedure Hosoe & Ota (eds.), Economic Analysis of Law"Keisoshobo Ch. 2. 26-49 (2001)

OTA、Shozo：《民事诉讼法基本理论 Hosoe》