THE TRANSFORMATION OF POLITICAL IMAGES OF WOMEN IN AMERICAN CULTURE - FROM LATE-EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY REPUBLICAN MOTHERHOOD TO MID-TWENTIETH CENTURY FEMININE MY STIQUE

美国文化中女性政治形象的转变——从十八世纪末的共和母性到二十世纪中叶的女性气质

• 批准号: 12610505
• 负责人: SHOJI Hiroko
• 金额: $ 1.28万
• 依托单位: SEIKEI UNIVERSITY (2002)Otsuma Women's University (2000-2001)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12610505/
• 关键词: Early republic; Seduction novels; Culture of sensibility; Utopian novels; 19th century; Eugenics; 感受性の文化; 誘惑小説; 感受性文化; アメリカ文化; 都市と健康; ジェンダー研究

The purpose of this research is to explore the images of women that appeared in the American literature from the late-nineteenth-century early republic to the mid-twentieth-century post World War I era in relation to the culture and thoughts in which they were created. In pursuit of that aim, a variety of literary genre such as popular literature, utopian literature as well as what are called "belles letters" were brought into focus, including novels by S. Weir Mitchell, a notable physician treating patients suffering from nervous diseases in Philadelphia in mid-nineteenth century and self-published stories by suffragists who expressed their own political ideas in the fictional form. Newspaper articles and advertisements were also analyzed to obtain the whole picture of an era. Four essays on the post-revolutionary seduction novels, later-nineteenth-century novels dealing with neurasthenia then called the "American Disease," late-nineteenth-century female utopian novels, and William Fa … More ulkner's As I Lay Dying where the early-twentieth-century southern society was vividly represented were published as the outcome of this research. Images of women depicted in each era were the artifacts of the influential thoughts and ideology that permeated the contemporary society. The dominant ideology of each era such as republicanism, social Darwinism, and popularized Freudian thought tend to create both positive and negative images of women, thus demonstrating the way its discursive and imaginative power was split between containment and suppression. Illuminating examples were the "Republican Motherhood" and the "coquettes" in the post-revolutionary era, the "Angel in the House" and the "Invalid or Mad women in the attic" in the Victorian America. "Eugenic Motherhood" depicted by late-nineteenth feminists who speculated on utopian societies were the alternative image other than the images of women fostered in the male-dominant society. This image, however, was absorbed into the "Scientific Motherhood" in the Progressive Era when educators and public hygienists in search of efficiency and order became the social backbone. In 1920s when mothers' influence over the mental and psychological health of children was emphasized, the ideological organizations such as National Congress of Mothers (reorganized later into PTA) emerged. Faulkner's "Abject Mother," one of the most gruesome mothers ever imagined by American authors was the antithesis of the ideal motherhood that was well internalized in popular mind under the Progressive mores. Less

本研究的目的是探讨从十九世纪末共和初期到二十世纪中叶一战后美国文学中出现的女性形象与她们所处的文化和思想的关系。为了实现这一目标，各种文学体裁，如通俗文学、乌托邦文学以及所谓的“美女文学”受到关注，其中包括治疗患有癌症的著名医生 S. 威尔·米切尔 (S. Weir Mitchell) 的小说。费城 神经疾病还分析了十九世纪中叶的妇女参政论者以虚构形式表达自己的政治思想的故事，以获得一个时代的全貌。四篇关于后革命诱惑小说的文章。十九世纪有关神经衰弱的小说，当时被称为“美国病”，十九世纪末女性乌托邦小说，以及威廉·法……更多乌尔克纳的《当我躺着》作为这项研究的成果，《死亡》生动地再现了二十世纪初期的南方社会，所描绘的每个时代的女性形象都是渗透到当代社会的有影响力的思想和意识形态的产物。诸如共和主义、社会达尔文主义和流行的弗洛伊德思想往往会创造出积极和消极的女性形象，从而展示了其话语权和想象力在遏制和压制之间的分裂方式。“共和主义”就是一个典型的例子。十九世纪末女权主义者所描绘的乌托邦社会所描绘的“优生母性”，是男权社会所塑造的女性形象之外的另一种形象，但这一形象却被吸收到了进步时代的“科学母性”之中。当教育工作者和公众追求效率和秩序的卫生工作者成为社会的中坚力量。20 年代，当母亲对儿童精神和心理健康的影响受到重视时，全国母亲大会（后来改组为福克纳的“卑鄙母亲”）等意识形态组织应运而生。 ”，美国作家想象中的最可怕的母亲之一，与进步主义道德观念下根深蒂固的理想母性截然相反。 更少

项目成果

SHOJI. HIROKO: "EMPIRE AND UTOPIA : DISCOURSE AND FANTASY SURROUNDING THE NORTH POLE IN LATE- NINETEENTH CENTURY AMERI CA"UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO PRESS. (2002)

庄司。

庄司宏子(共著): "かくも多彩な女たちの軌跡-言葉の中を通って(仮題) 感受性の共和国-『コケット』『マサチューセッツ・マガジン』『ボストン・ウィークリー・マガジン』を中心に"南雲堂(刊行予定). (2003)

正司弘子（合着）：《多元化女性的轨迹——通过文字（暂定名）感性共和国——聚焦‘风骚’、‘马萨诸塞杂志’和‘波士顿周刊’”Nanundo（待出版）。 (2003)

SHOJI, HlROKO: "NEURASTHENIA IN LATE-NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICA"OTSUMA JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE CULTURE. 2. PR 98-121 (2001)

Shoji, HlROKO：“十九世纪末美国的神经衰弱”大冢比较文化杂志。

庄司宏子(共著): "『社会の言語態』(「シリーズ言語態」第5巻)"東京大学出版会. 344 (2002)

Hiroko Shoji（合著者）：《社会中的语言》（语言学系列第 5 卷），东京大学出版社 344（2002 年）。

庄司 宏子: "おぞましき母の肖像 『死の床に横たわりて』と社会進化思想の接点"大妻女子大学比較文化学部紀要. 第3号. 27-45 (2002)

庄司博子：“可怕母亲的肖像：‘躺在临终床上’与社会进化思想的交集”，大妻女子大学比较文化系通报，第3号。27-45（2002年）。