Socioecological Studies on Coexistence and Coevolution of the Great Apes and Humans

类人猿与人类共存与共同进化的社会生态学研究

基本信息

批准号：
12375004
负责人：
YAMAGIWA Juichi
金额：
$ 20.15万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12375004/
关键词：
Gorilla chimpanzee Hunter-gatherer Environment society Ecology Coexistence Coevolution 狩猟採集民生態学共存果実樹上性

项目摘要

Our project aims to clarify the coexistence and coevolution of the African great apes (gorillas and chimpanzees) and humans (hunter-gatherers), through comparison of their socioecological features under the same environmental conditions of tropical forests. Since 2000 we have monitored seasonal changes in temperature and rainfall in two study sites (Moukalaba National Park, Gabon and Kahuzi-Biega National Park, DRC), both of which are regarded as refuge forests during the past glacial periods. Phonological data on fruits eaten by gorillas and chimpanzees have been collected twice per month, and groups of gorillas and chimpanzees have been habituated to, collect behavioral data. Data on subsistence and movement patterns of Babongo hunter-gatherers were also collected by direct observation and interviews. This year we have analyzed the data collected until now, and have gotten important results showing distinct differences in food choice, foraging behavior and social interactions with foods among the great apes and humans. Especially, during the period of fruit scarcity, niche differentiation becomes significant: Gorillas tend to decrease day journey length and shift their diet from fruit to vegetative food ; and chimpanzees tend to increase day range seeking fruit persistently. Social features of both apes support their foraging strategies. More dispersal foraging with food sharing and fluid social system of hunter-gatherers ma have developed to avoid competition with the sympatric apes in the past. Future analysis and more elaborate researches on diet and subsistence ecology of apes and humans may clarify their coevolution in the same habitat of tropical forests.

我们的项目旨在通过比较在热带森林的相同环境条件下的社会生态特征，以阐明非洲大猿（大猩猩和黑猩猩）和人类（猎人 - 采集者）的共存和共存。自2000年以来，我们监测了两个研究地点的温度和降雨季节变化（Moukalaba国家公园，Gabon和Kahuzi-Biega National Park，DRC），这两者在过去的冰川时期被视为避难所。关于大猩猩和黑猩猩食用的水果的语音数据，每月收集两次，大猩猩和黑猩猩的群体已经习惯于收集行为数据。还通过直接观察和访谈收集了有关Babongo猎人采集者的生存和运动模式的数据。今年，我们已经分析了迄今为止收集的数据，并获得了重要的结果，显示出食物选择的明显差异，觅食行为以及与伟大的猿类和人类中食物的社交互动。尤其是，在水果稀缺期间，利基的分化变得很大：大猩猩倾向于减少日程的长度，并将饮食从水果转移到植物食品；黑猩猩倾向于不断地寻求水果。两种猿的社会特征都支持他们的觅食策略。 MA的粮食共享和流动的社会制度随着过去的发展而避免与同胞猿的竞争。未来的分析以及对猿类和人类饮食和生存生态学的更详尽的研究可能会阐明它们在热带森林相同栖息地中的共同进化。