Development of a chamber system to measure entropy balance of artificial ecosystems

开发测量人工生态系统熵平衡的室系统

• 批准号: 12356007
• 负责人: KURATA Kenji
• 金额: $ 26.12万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12356007/
• 关键词: chamber; ecosystem; Second Law of Thermodynamics; evapotranspiration; plant canopy; logwave radiation; 長波放射; 測定誤差; 二酸化炭素濃度; 蒸散; 不可逆過程; LED

The First Law of Thermodynamics (heat balance) has been successfully applied to ecosystem studies and has brought about fruitful results on e.g., mechanism of microclimate within and above the ecosystems. On the contrary, the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which is closely related to entropy, has almost been ignored, except for some pioneering studies. This study aimed at developing a chamber system, called ENTRON, which could measure entropy production rate of plants within the chamber.ENTRON measured mass inflow, mass outflow, energy inflow and energy outflow into and out of the chamber. From these measurements entropy inflow and outflow were calculated and the entropy production within the chamber was evaluated based on the entropy balance of the space within the chamber. No measurements are free from errors, and ENTRON's error percentage in entropy production evaluation was about 5%. Most of entropy production in the case of plants within it could be attributed to that associated with evapotranspiration. ENTRON will be a powerful tool to analyze entropy production characteristics of plants. Based on the knowledge acquired from ENTRON experiments, entropy balance at natural ecosystems were evaluated. In some cases upwards longwave radiation was also important in the entropy balance.

热力学（热平衡）的第一定律已成功地应用于生态系统研究，并在生态系统内外带来了微气候机理的成果。相反，除了一些开创性的研究外，几乎忽略了与熵密切相关的热力学定律。这项研究旨在开发一个称为Entron的腔室系统，该系统可以测量腔室内植物的熵生产速率。进入室内测量的质量流入，质量流出，能量流入和能量流入和流入室内。根据这些测量值，计算了熵流入和流出，并根据腔室内空间的熵平衡评估了腔室内的熵产生。没有任何测量值没有错误，恩特隆（Entron）在熵生产评估中的错误百分比约为5％。对于其中的植物而言，大部分熵产生可能归因于与蒸散剂有关的熵。 Entron将是分析植物熵生产特征的强大工具。根据从Entron实验获得的知识，评估了自然生态系统的熵平衡。在某些情况下，长波辐射在熵平衡中也很重要。

项目成果

Kurata, K., Goda, Y, Seki, H.: "ENTRON-a prototype chamber for measuring entropy production by an ecosystem"Transactions of the ASAE. (発表予定).

Kurata, K.、Goda, Y、Seki, H.：“ENTRON - 用于测量生态系统熵产生的原型室”ASAE 的交易（待提交）。

関平和ら: "エネルギー散逸の観点からみた土壌塩性化"金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科システム創成科学専攻紀要. 5. 14-21 (2004)

Heiwa Seki 等：“从能量耗散的角度来看土壤盐碱化”金泽大学自然科学技术研究生院系统科学系通报 5. 14-21 (2004)。

蔵田憲次, 宮本英尚: "熱収支測定結果を用いた地表面エントロピー生成量の算定"農業環境工学関連5学会2003年合同大会講演要旨. 221 (2003)

Kenji Kurata、Hidehisa Miyamoto：“利用热平衡测量结果计算表面熵产生量”2003年农业与环境工程相关五学会联席会议摘要221（2003）。

Kurata, Goda, Seki: "Development of a chamber system(ENTRON)for measuring entropy production of ecosystems"Transactions of the ASAE. (発表予定).

Kurata、Goda、Seki：“开发用于测量生态系统熵产生的室系统（ENTRON）”ASAE 的交易（待提交）。

H.Seki et al.: "Exergy dissipation in a soil salinisation process"Memoir of Division of Innovative Technology and Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University. Vol.5. 14-21 (2004)

H.Seki等人：“土壤盐化过程中的火用耗散”金泽大学自然科学技术研究生院创新技术与科学研究科的回忆录。