Public Sector Reforms: International Perspective

公共部门改革：国际视角

基本信息

批准号：
12303002
负责人：
MIYAKAWA Tadao
金额：
$ 14.18万
依托单位：
Reitaku University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Public sector reforms in the United States, United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia and Japan were theoretically and empirically investigated in terms of governance and management. As a result, the main findings are as follows:1. In general the reforms have firstly started to adopt market typed model seeking 'small government', then moved into adopting a business management model and lastly developed towards a mixed model taking into account of governance and network.2. In other words, first, privatization, contracting out and internal market were introduced into the management system, second, enterprise model focusing on business methods and corporate governance was followed and at present collaborative management in which the related government activities with private sector including NPO are harmonized in order to accomplish the governmental goals.3. In the first stage the content of the reform is organization structure and financial reporting accounting, therefore the key idea is cost. The second stage seeks to adopt the new public management (NPM) in which performance management towards technical efficiency is applied in the public sector. In the third stage, the focus is transformed into budgetary reform and improving the quality of policy that effectiveness and allocation efficiency are much considered.4. Japan is now placed in the second stage. However, since financial management reform is lagged, cash based accounting is still used and program evaluation or performance measurement is not well linked to budgeting. NPM is limited to adopting the principle of result-oriented approach in ex post evaluation: the traditional public administration and NPM that are conflicted each other are mixed in the management system. The inconsistent and selective approach in Japan has resulted in much less fruitful outcomes from the public sector reform.

美国、英国、新西兰、澳大利亚和日本的公共部门改革从治理和管理方面进行了理论和实证研究。主要研究结果如下： 1．总体而言，改革首先开始采用市场型模式，追求“小政府”，然后转向企业管理模式，最后向治理和网络相结合的混合模式发展。 2．换句话说，一是在管理体系中引入了私有化、外包和内部市场，二是遵循了注重商业方法和公司治理的企业模式，目前政府与包括非营利组织在内的私营部门的相关活动是协同管理。协调一致以实现政府目标。3．第一阶段改革的内容是组织架构和财务报告会计，因此核心思想是成本。第二阶段寻求采用新的公共管理（NPM），其中在公共部门应用旨在提高技术效率的绩效管理。第三阶段，重点转向预算改革和提高政策质量，注重有效性和分配效率。4．日本目前处于第二阶段。然而，由于财务管理改革滞后，仍然采用收付实现制会计，项目评价或绩效衡量与预算编制没有很好的联系。 NPM在事后评价中仅限于采用结果导向的原则：相互冲突的传统公共管理与NPM在管理体系中混杂在一起。日本不一致和选择性的做法导致公共部门改革的成果大大减少。