Ecological Study on Carrying Capacity and Population Density-dependent Effect of Pacific salmon

太平洋鲑鱼承载能力和种群密度依赖性效应的生态学研究

• 批准号: 11660196
• 负责人: KAERIYAMA Masahide
• 金额: $ 2.37万
• 依托单位: Hokkaido Tokai University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11660196/
• 关键词: Pacific salmon; Carrying capacity; Population-density effect; Growth reduction; Feeding ecology; Stable isotope analysis; Trophic level; Climate change; 小型化・高齢化; 安定同位体比; 栄養ニッチ; エル・ニーニョ現象; レジームシフト

We investigated on carrying capacity and population density-dependent effect of Pacific salmon in the North Pacific Ocean. 1) The carrying capacity, which is calculated by the Logistic equation and the reproduction curve, of pink salmon in the North Pacific Ocean significantly correlated with the Aleutian Low Pressure Index (ALPI). This indicates that the carrying capacity of Pacific salmon may vary with long-term climate change. 2) Body size of Hokkaido chum salmon at maturity showed a significant decreasing trend from the late 1970s to early 1990s and relative increasing trend since the late 1990s. In Hokkaido chum salmon, not only significant negative relationship between population abundance and fork length, but also positive relationship between population size and average age at maturity of cohorts were observed. Growth analysis back-calculated from scales showed that a growth reduction occurred after the second year, especially in the third year of oceanic life of Hokkaido chum … More salmon. The recent growth reduction, however, had no significant effect on their fecundity and egg size. This suggested that reduced growth and increasing age at maturity were due to density dependent intraspecific competition and high abundance of chum salmon in the North Pacific Ocean. 3) In the Gulf of Alaska, a dominant prey animal of Pacific salmon except for chum salmon, which fed mainly on gelatinous zooplankton, was squids (mainly Berryteuthis anonychus) during years from 1994 to 1996, and 1998. In 1997, Pacific salmon was affected feeding and growth by the El Nino Event, and squids disappeared from their stomach. There is no difference of food niche among 6 species of Pacific salmon in the Gulf of Alaska since 1999, because all species fed mainly on zooplankton such as euphausiids, amphipods, copepods, and pteropods. The result of stable isotope analysis showed that trophic levels of nekton-feeders (e.g., coho and Chinook salmon, and steelhead trout) were higher than those of plankton-feeders (e.g., sockeye, chum, and pink salmon). 4) These results were published on many scientific papers, and presented at international symposium and meetings. Less

我们研究了北太平洋太平洋鲑鱼的承载能力和种群密度依赖性效应。 1）通过Logistic方程和繁殖曲线计算得出，北太平洋粉红鲑鱼的承载能力与种群密度显着相关。阿留申低压指数（ALPI）。这表明太平洋鲑鱼的承载能力可能会随着长期气候变化而变化。2）北海道鲑鱼成熟时的体型从20世纪70年代末到初期呈显着下降趋势。 20世纪90年代和90年代末以来的相对增长趋势在北海道鲑鱼中，不仅种群丰度与叉长度之间存在显着的负相关关系，而且从种群规模和平均成熟年龄之间也观察到了正相关关系。鳞片显示，北海道鲑鱼在海洋生活的第二年后，特别是在第三年，生长速度下降，但最近的生长速度下降对其繁殖力和产卵量没有显着影响。这表明，生长速度减慢和成熟年龄增加是由于密度依赖的种内竞争和北太平洋鲑鱼的大量繁殖造成的。3) 在阿拉斯加湾，太平洋鲑鱼是除鲑鱼以外的主要猎物。 1994年至1996年和1998年期间，主要以胶状浮游动物为食的鱿鱼（主要是Berryteuthis anonychus）。1997年，太平洋鲑鱼的摄食受到影响，自 1999 年以来，阿拉斯加湾的 6 种太平洋鲑鱼的食物生态位没有差异，因为所有物种都主要以浮游动物为食，如磷虾、片脚类、桡足类、稳定同位素分析的结果表明，游动动物（例如银鲑鱼和奇努克鲑鱼以及硬头鳟鱼）的营养水平。高于浮游生物饲养者（例如红鲑鱼、鲑鱼和粉红鲑鱼）4）这些结果发表在许多科学论文上，并在国际研讨会和会议上发表。

项目成果

Kaeriyama, M.: "Feeding ecology of sockeye and pink salmon it the Gulf of Alaska."N.Pac.Anadr.Fish Comm.Bull.. (2). 1-9 (2000)

Kaeriyama, M.：“阿拉斯加湾红鲑鱼和粉红鲑鱼的饲养生态。”N.Pac.Anadr.Fish Comm.Bull.. (2)。

Ueda, H.: "Migration behavior and physiological mechanism of fishes."Fish.Ocean.Res.. 63 (2). 94-96 (1999)

Ueda, H.：“鱼类的洄游行为和生理机制。”Fish.Ocean.Res.63（2）。

上田宏: "酸性環境の生態学-酸汚染と自然生態系を科学する(佐竹謙一編)"愛智出版. 238 (1999)

上田浩：“酸性环境的生态学 - 酸性污染与自然生态系统的科学（佐竹健一编）”爱知出版社 238（1999）。

Kaeriyama, M.: "Ecological effects of hatchery fish on wild fish"Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi. 66 (1). 152-153 (2000)

Kaeriyama, M.：“孵化场鱼类对野生鱼类的生态影响”Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi。

上田 宏: "魚類の回遊行動と生理機構"水産海洋研究. 63(2). 94-96 (1999)

Hiroshi Ueda：“鱼类的迁徙行为和生理机制”渔业和海洋研究 63（2）（1999）。